cross
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The Programming Langauges item
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Sep 16 20:46 UTC 2006 |
This is the programming languages item.
This item is for the discussion of programming languages: design,
implementation, differences, etc.
Programming languages are the tools that we use to create computer
applications. They define how we communicate with the computer and get it
to perform some task. There are many different languages that follow
several different paradigms: Procedural imperative languages, where you use
the procedure as the basic unit of work, and procedures consist of
statements and tell the computer what to do. Then there are object oriented
imperative langauges, where the abstract idea of an "object" is the
organizing principle: objects combine data and operations that act on that
data into one logical unit, may support hierarchies of objects (e.g., an
insect is an organism, and a fly is a specific type of insect. Flys, then,
inherent the characteristics of insects in addition to their own). Then
there are functional systems, where functions that implement expressions
without side effects are the fundamental organizing unit of the program -
similar to mathematic functions and expressions. Then there are logic
systems where assertions are made and presented to predicate systems that
consult dictionaries of "knowledge" and decide what to do.
Many different languages implement these paradigms, combine them, extend
them. Language design and the means by which programs written in languages
are executed by computers are fundamental to our understand of programming
and, when generalized and abstracted, to our very understanding of
computation.
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papa
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response 1 of 3:
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Feb 6 12:13 UTC 2018 |
Is there a programming language that can concisely do what shell commands ls
and find do?
In rewriting a Perl script that gathers data on all Grex user gopher holes,
I realized how much heavy lifting is being done by the shell commands ls and
find. For example, a list of all user gopher directories is concisely
generated with the command 'ls -d /?/?/*/public_gopher'. If I have more
conditions for selecting files, find can do it in a single line.
As long as I'm on a Unix-like system, I can get by using these commands for
file-system intensive tasks, but I'm curious if there's any programming
language that incorporates functionality like ls and find with a similarly
compact syntax.
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cross
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response 2 of 3:
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Feb 6 12:27 UTC 2018 |
Well, the heavy lifting you describe (matching glob patterns) is
really done by the shell in this case. The shell, in turn, is
implemented in terms of the "normal" filesystem API: opendir,
readdir, closedir, etc. Most programming languages give you access
to those functions and you can implement whatever you like on top
of them. Find uses (or can use) something called `fts` or `ftw`
(file tree (search|walk)) to do its thing.
See opendir(3), fts(3), ftw(3) for the C side of things.
All of the "usual suspects" have interfaces of varying levels of
abstraction to these, and similarly with file globbing.
Some random links:
Go: https://golang.org/pkg/path/filepath/
Perl: http://perldoc.perl.org/File/Find.html
Python: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.scandir
Ruby: https://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.2/Dir.html
Tcl: http://wiki.tcl.tk/1474
Rust: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fs/fn.read_dir.html
Etc....
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