Grex Radio Conference

Item 2: Digital radio broadcasting

Entered by keesan on Sat Feb 14 01:27:37 1998:

169 new of 210 responses total.


#42 of 210 by rcurl on Thu Mar 5 07:23:31 1998:

Have you visited Computer Renaissance?


#43 of 210 by keesan on Thu Mar 5 21:56:38 1998:

No, it is much cheaper to buy directly from people, such as grexers.
And what would the cheapest Internet Service Provider cost which would support
unlimited connection time and allow RealAudio?  I might be willing to pay
$20/month for three more radio stations which play music during rush hours,
and the extra phone line would be useful for other things (such as getting
phone calls on my original line).


#44 of 210 by rcurl on Fri Mar 6 01:54:02 1998:

You won't get both an extra phone line and an ISP for $20/mo. Maybe ca.
$30 for both. It is cheaper to buy directly from people, but you won't
have the same level of startup assistance and service. Anyway, I was
suggesting Computer Renaissance to obtain an idea of a reference point
for the cost of used but guaranteed equipment. 


#45 of 210 by keesan on Fri Mar 6 20:41:27 1998:

With the micros conference, who needs to pay for startup assistance?
Maybe I will wait on this one until the house is built, and I can use the
phone line there for radio instead of calling Jim to lunch, and by then 486s
should be discarded in the alleyway where we found a 386.  And there may be
more radio stations on the Internet, too.  Thanks for all the info, everyone.


#46 of 210 by omni on Sat Mar 7 06:37:59 1998:

  If you have the ganas (desire) you can build your own, I was doing that
until this computer fell into my lap. I can probably build one for about $200
inc hard drive and 8MB of memory, and beleive me, you'll probably need every
bit of that 8Megs for Netscape.
  I still will build my 486, just because I have the desire and a bitchin
486DX66 chip that I'm dying to use. I don't have the cash available yet, but
I'm waiting patiently.


#47 of 210 by keesan on Sat Mar 7 16:14:38 1998:

Omni, would you like to link this item to 'micros'?


#48 of 210 by omni on Sat Mar 7 17:09:53 1998:

  Not really. It's already linked to the music conference, and I think that
is suffiecient. I'm not one to overlink items. I've done less than 20 in 7
yrs.


#49 of 210 by keesan on Sun Mar 8 17:50:32 1998:

It is just that most of this discussion has been on hardware.


#50 of 210 by mcnally on Mon Mar 9 05:20:55 1998:

  so start discussing digital radio and try to get back to the
  original topic..


#51 of 210 by keesan on Mon Mar 9 19:00:27 1998:

Fine, but nobody seemed to know any more than I did about the broadcast form
of digital radio, and I spent a couple hours browsing the net for it before
I entered this item.  What do you know about digital broadcast radio?


#52 of 210 by lumen on Thu Mar 12 03:40:27 1998:

Digital radio seems to be a nice alternative for stations that can't yet
afford an FCC license.  The student radio station at Central Washington
University, where I attend, does not have an FCC license as of yet.  Two
options are available: listen to the station by coaxial cable (the station
is broadcast simultaneously on a cable information channel) or listen to it
through RealAudio (I believe) on the 'Net.


#53 of 210 by lumen on Thu Mar 12 03:41:53 1998:

as was mentioned before, digital radio can often provide an alternative
selection to market-dependent FM radio.


#54 of 210 by keesan on Thu Mar 12 19:06:21 1998:

Last I knew, all legal radio in the Netherlands was by cable, and you paid
an annual fee for each receiver hooked up.  The 'pirate' stations anchored
off the coast and broadcast commercial radio.  
        Are there any cable radio stations in this area?  The cable TV company
here makes you pay the full fee for cable TV in order to have the privilege
of then paying them additional for some canned music provided in random order,
including 2 classical 'stations'.  About $30-35/month total, I would rather
invest in the extra phone line and ISP for internet radio and get more
choices.  I can use them for other things, too.


#55 of 210 by krj on Fri Mar 13 05:44:44 1998:

"all legal radio in the Netherlands was by cable?"
This would imply no car radio?  (Or else a really long tangle of 
cables on the highway...)


#56 of 210 by rcurl on Fri Mar 13 07:15:41 1998:

Philips Radio and Electronics is a Dutch firm. I doubt very much that
ordinary radios are not operable for regular Dutch stations.


#57 of 210 by keesan on Fri Mar 13 20:59:51 1998:

Well, my friends there said all the radio was by cable.  Maybe all the state
radio stations transmitted by cable.  NO idea about car radio.  In
Czechoslovakia in the dorm and in hotels there was always a radio with one
station, which I presume was cable.  You could get sevral stations on a
transistor radio.  Belgrade had at least 3 stations.  Macedonia, Bulgaria,
and Greece all broadcast very powerfully at the same wavelength.  (They did
not want you listening to anyone outside the country, and Macedonia was
strongest because of gastarbeiters in Germany.
        Rane, could you tell us about Dutch radio and cable?


#58 of 210 by orinoco on Fri Mar 13 22:26:01 1998:

I don't hink Rane is the person to ask...clees might have some idea, but I
don't think he lurks in this conference much


#59 of 210 by keesan on Sat Mar 14 00:45:42 1998:

Someone could email him and ask.


#60 of 210 by rcurl on Sat Mar 14 06:44:34 1998:

I listened to radio in the Netherlands, many years ago. All I know.


#61 of 210 by keesan on Mon Mar 16 16:45:49 1998:

Clees e-mailed me back:


From R.Vermunt@ubvu.vu.nl Mon Mar 16 11:41:33 1998

In the netherlands there is a devide between public broadcasting and the 
commercial stations.
The first are supported by the government, and are entitled to broadcast at 
public channels. But since the number of channels is rather low, the hours 
available for broadcasting are limited. Now, most stations have their 
origin back in the thirties, when radio was first used.
At typical trait of the Dutch is compartmentalization, and each movement 
(catholic, christian, socialist, liberal etc. etc.) had their own 
broadcasting organization. But since government ruled over the availability 
of the "air" they were forced to make use of that.
So each organization started to acquire members, which eventually decided 
how many hours on air each organization had.
In the sixties, a couple of pirates started to broadcast from ships just 
outside territorial waters. In the seventies these merged and gave the 
initiative for discussions about the possibilities for commercial 
roadcaing. Late eighties that was realized and the devide was there.
At that time cable was being broadly installed all over the country (I 
guess that only a couple of isolated places are still not connected).
Currently, both systems still exist and dicussions are being about the 
viability of the public system.
I hope that answers your question.
****************************************************************
* Love, Rick Vermunt - aka clees            -the Netherlands   *
* phone +31 20 475 00 75            \|||||/  email:            *
* http://huizen.nhkanaal.nl/~rickdos |o o| r.vermunt@ubvu.vu.nl*
**********************************uuu  -  uuu*******************

For more questions, e-mail him again and maybe ask if he would mind
joining the radio conference item 203.


#62 of 210 by keesan on Wed Mar 18 00:57:42 1998:

From R.Vermunt@ubvu.vu.nl Tue Mar 17 19:06:07 1998

>>
Clees, thanks for your information on radio in the Netherlands,
which I have copied into radio item 203.  Nobody believed me
about the pirate radio from ships, which my friends told me about
when I visited them in Amsterdam in the mid-seventies.
<<
As a matter of act: one of these stations (Veronica) is now the largest 
commercial station, as a part of a conglomerate of more or less related 
stations. All belonging to the Holland Media Group. Name any pulp program, 
and you can find it there.
The other one (North Sea Radio) had some misfortune. (stranding, fires etc. 
But any restart was doomed to fail. I think they restarted it again, but it 
leads a marginal existance, with cable and so on.
>>
They told me that had to pay a monthly or annual fee for each receiver they 
owned.
<<
They still do. From these fees the government funds public tv. The BBC 
lives by the same processess.
The mere possession of any equipment obliges any citizen to pay that fee, 
or else you are commiting a phelony.
Unfortunately, they recently decided to allow an expansion of commercials 
at public tv. Still, it is way less than the comm. stations (not during the 
programs).
>>
I did not know about voting for the amount of air time, but that was
the way BBC was operating too.
<<
It's not exactly a voting system. It works like this: one can become member 
of a station. The number of members determines the hours on air.
>>
I am curious how the cable worked, and whether radios were equipped to 
receive both cable and broadcast signals, and what about car radios?
<<
Depends on the equipment. (e.g. my tuner is that old-fashioned that it 
cannot connect to cable, but only receive air transmissions.)
Car radios can only receive air, or else they'd be obliged to have very 
long plugs  :)
Cable is broadly distributed over our country.
The companies taking care of that infrastructure asks for  a monthly fee, 
which enables the viewer to get cable.
>>
Do you know anything about the Netherlands internet radio station or 
stations?
<<
There is: try 
http://www.omroep.nl



(Keesan has not checked this site yet, anyone want to report on it,
espcially anyone such as Rane who can listen to the internet stations?)



#63 of 210 by rcurl on Wed Mar 18 07:54:04 1998:

That URL is a program web site for the five official radio stations of
the Netherlands. They broadcast both by cable and "ether", viz
"De etherfrequenties en de kabelfrequenties van Radio 4." No RealAudio.


#64 of 210 by clees on Wed Mar 18 16:46:14 1998:

Finally there.
Ehhm, I know that Veronica has its own homepage, but never checked it out.
I wouldn't be surprised if real audio can be found there.
Now, reading this item, I can see the context of the mails I received from
keesan.


#65 of 210 by keesan on Wed Mar 18 20:07:29 1998:

Hi Clees, thanks for all the info.  I am hoping that there is a classical
music RealAudio station from the Netherlands.


#66 of 210 by krj on Thu Mar 19 05:43:11 1998:

The NY Times for Monday had a feature on a new Internet radio 
project from Quincy Jones.  Qradio began operation in February with 
"an initial focus on South African musicians.  He hopes to broaden
the site to embrace other music."   Http://www.qradio.net

The article mentions two other pages for Internet radio stations:
--  www.imagineradio.com, "a group of 20 original radio stations created
    just for the web."
--  www.audionet.com, "offers 260 radio and television stations from
    around the country, plus some 400 special events each day."



#67 of 210 by n8nxf on Thu Mar 19 11:24:48 1998:

What now? RealTV?


#68 of 210 by rcurl on Tue Mar 24 06:26:06 1998:

Item 203 from oldradio has been linked to radio at the request of keesan.


#69 of 210 by keesan on Mon Apr 20 17:56:50 1998:

From krj@netsun.cl.msu.edu Mon Apr 20 13:54:50 1998
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 98 00:09:12 EST
To: keesan@cyberspace.org
Subject: (fwd) Re: Need list of Classical Real Audio broadcast URLs
Newsgroups: rec.music.classical

On Sun, 05 Apr 1998 20:10:31 -0400, Gary Goldberg
<76236.3302@CompuServe.COM> wrote:

>Would those who read this thread (particularly those outside the US)
>please post the URLs of classical radio stations which broadcast
>in Read Audio?  Also, if schedules (and a list of the music to
>be played) are available, please indicate that, too.
>
>I've installed RA and am enjoying listening to classical music
>from stations around the world, but know my list is not complete.
>
>By the way, does anyone know what format KLASI, the 24-hour classical
>Internet-only "station" uses? It SEEMS like RA from their page, but
>the extension is .asx, not .ram and Netscape doesn't know what it
>wants, only that Netscape can't play it (I'm using the 68K Macintosh
>version of RA).
>
>Thanks in advance, everyone.

Here it's my list. If you have another RealAudio or even non-RA (MPEG
on-line streaming or another technology) on-line radio stations,
please post it here or e-mail it to me. TIA.

pnm://204.236.16.2/kingfm28MI.ra
pnm://198.234.70.254/wksu.ra
pnm://206.190.32.134/wfmt.ra
pnm://206.190.32.31/krts.ra
pnm://209.113.172.19:7070/wbach.ra
pnm://ra.n2k.com/wqxrny.ra
pnm://206.98.156.234:7070/wtmilive.ra
pnm://raf.cbc.ca/cbcstereo.ra
pnm://pn1.netradio.net/cl.ra
pnm://pn6.netradio.net/baroque.ra
pnm://pn6.netradio.net/chamber.ra
pnm://pn6.netradio.net/chant.ra
pnm://pn6.netradio.net/opera.ra
pnm://pn6.netradio.net/piano.ra
pnm://pn6.netradio.net/quiet.ra
pnm://pn6.netradio.net/symphony.ra
pnm://media.radio-canada.com/livefm.ra
pnm://195.33.2.225/wrn3eu.ra
pnm://realaudio.byu.edu/fm.ra
pnm://flannery.wqed.org/onair.ra
pnm://206.156.73.61/wmuu.ra



(I received this recently and cannot help.  Can you?)


#70 of 210 by krj on Mon Apr 20 18:39:29 1998:

(Actually I thought you might find these interesting sources of 
programming.  But thanks for entering it in the item for archival 
purposes.)


#71 of 210 by keesan on Mon Apr 20 21:19:09 1998:

Thanks for the list, I will tell a friend with the proper hardware and ISP
to check it out, in fact I should e-mail him the list now.


#72 of 210 by keesan on Tue Sep 8 20:47:49 1998:

This weekend I heard on the radio that Canada and the US have finally come
to an agreement on standards for broadcasting digital radio.  New receivers
(or at least tuners) will be needed to receive it.  Stations will continue
to also broadcast analog (similarly to BW and color TV, or mono and stereo
FM).  I wonder if there will be devices sold for attaching to your old analog
radio to convert the incoming digital signals to analog.  What sort of
hardware would be involved in receiving digital signals?  Could a combination
CD player/digital radio be built?


#73 of 210 by n8nxf on Wed Sep 9 11:24:52 1998:

Digital radio transmitted via RF?  OK, so I'm not keeping up with the latest.
It would take a a new tuner.  One the receives the signal, selects whatever
you want to hear and then runs it through an D to A converter so you can
plug it into the accessory connector on your stereo.  There would be no
problem in building a combination digital radio / CD player.  Really only
the source for both of these devices is digital.  It all becomes analog
by the time it hits the loud speaker, usually just before the tone control
circuitry and power amplifier.  However, it would not surprise me in the
least if the next step in digital radio includes all sorts of digital, uh,
filtering to do whatever to the the original digital signal, including
amplification.  Your computer could become a extremely sophisticated audio
processing center capable of doing all sorts of interesting stuff too.



#74 of 210 by keesan on Thu Sep 10 17:53:22 1998:

I was wondering about an add-on digital receiver that converted the signal
to analog and then fed it into the receiver, where it got amplified enough
to be able to feed into the amplifier.  If anyone buys a digital receiver we
would love to come look at it.  Kiwanis is unlikely to get any for 10 or 20
years after they are made.  We are just starting to get a few CD players now.
(I mean fed the digital-signal-converted-to-analog into a standard analog
receiver, without amplifying it).


#75 of 210 by scott on Thu Sep 10 23:02:09 1998:

There have been FM receivers that convert the signal to AM, for car radios.
But I'd figure people would either buy a tuner with audio out, or else new
Walkmans.  Not much convenience in carrying two boxes around...


#76 of 210 by keesan on Fri Sep 11 13:12:01 1998:

My radio just sits there, I don't carry it around.  


#77 of 210 by kentn on Fri Sep 11 18:09:21 1998:

The real reason to get a whole new receiver will probably be cost, or
rather, pricing.  To get you to buy a new receiver (radio, tuner, etc.)
they'll likely set the price of conversion units high, at least at first
(until competition heats up, assuming there is a market for converters).
Seems that's the likely route for digital TV convertors, too.  Of course,
they may also set things up so that the sound/image/whatever of a 
convertor is *not-quite* as good as the new full unit, and that may
influence a lot of buyers to junk their old sets (even if the quality
difference is not noticeable).


#78 of 210 by krj on Sun Sep 13 18:22:09 1998:

I saw a web news article which was from the same source as what 
keesan heard in resp:72 .  Alas, I have been unsuccessful in finding 
the article again.  This article mentioned the frequency bands which would
be used for digital radio: what I found discouraging is that the 
two countries are going to use different frequencies.  No more of this
sloppy cross-border broadcasting!


#79 of 210 by keesan on Sun Sep 13 18:37:24 1998:

What bands are these, and will receivers be able to receive both bands?
We listen to CBC a lot.


#80 of 210 by danr on Sun Sep 13 21:58:29 1998:

It's highly unlikely that you'll be able to purchase an adapter to use your
analog radios to receive digital radio signals. The modulation schemes are so
different that the converter would probably cost just as much as the entire
radio.


#81 of 210 by keesan on Mon Sep 14 16:07:05 1998:

How long are stations likely to continue broadcasting analog?  Perhaps we
should have a half-price sale on radios at Kiwanis.  Looks like everything
is going to end up being digital - CDs, digital tapes, digital radio.
Mono radio is still around, possibly because it comes in more clearly from
a distance than stereo, or is it something that has to be broadcast in order
to broadcast a stereo signal?


#82 of 210 by rcurl on Mon Sep 14 17:24:09 1998:

Stereo is two signals broadcast separately in such a way they can be
demodulated apart from one another. With the analogue modes that means
broadcasting on different frequencies. With digital modes the packets just
have to be coded 'right' and 'left', and can be broadcast on the same
carrier.

I've been wondering if spread-spectrum is going to come into use. It is
used in the GPS network. All the satellites broadcast in the same
frequency band but the different (digital) channels are separated not by
coding the packets but by modulating them with a pseudo-random code, which
is used to separate the channels in the receiver by cross correlation. 
This way, essentially any number of channels can be broadcast on the same
band. At the frequencies used the cross-correlation can be done fast
enough and accurately enough to produce perfectly respectable audio. The
advantage is extreme resistance to interference and noise.



#83 of 210 by keesan on Mon Sep 14 19:14:12 1998:

With an infinite number of channels, are we likely to have any new classical
radio stations?  What will it cost to set up to broadcast digital?

Rane, could you expand on your second paragraph for the technically
challenged?  Pseudorandom code?  Cross correlation?


#84 of 210 by scott on Mon Sep 14 22:02:59 1998:

Pseudo == fake
random == random
Pseudo-random means "as random as computers can get, cheaply".


#85 of 210 by rcurl on Tue Sep 15 06:34:22 1998:

The GPS signal is PM - phase modulation: the carrier is a 1575.42 MHz sign
wave that is flipped + to - and - to + depending on whether the message
bit is a 1 or 0. In addition, the carrier is also flipped +/- *randomly*
with a random succession of 1s and 0s that is generated as a pseudo-random
binary signal. Pseudo means that the random sequence is generated
deterministically using a "seed" number to start it. With the same seed,
the same sequence of random 1s and 0s are generated. You can do this
simultaneously with a larger number of different pseudo-random sequences
for different messages to be broadcast simultaneously on the same band. 

The signal is recaptured by multiplying it by the same pseudo-random
sequence as was used to generate the message you are interested in. The
multiplying and averaging is called cross-correlation. The cross
correlation of all different pseudo-random sequences approaches zero,
leaving only the auto-correlation of the pseudo-random sequence with
itself. This will be the original carrier coded with the message.



#86 of 210 by n8nxf on Tue Sep 15 12:40:43 1998:

I will be able to listed to digital radio just fine on my 1970's vintage
component stereo system.  I will just have to add a digital tuner to it.
It already has a CD player attached to it.  Doing this with a all-in-one
radio would not be worth the cost and time required to do the modification.


#87 of 210 by keesan on Tue Sep 15 21:37:19 1998:

Any suggestions on how to convert a CD player to a digital tuner by adding
parts from an obsolete analog radio?


#88 of 210 by kentn on Wed Sep 16 02:37:46 1998:

Is a "sign wave" the same as a "sine wave"?


#89 of 210 by rcurl on Wed Sep 16 03:35:19 1998:

In a way. A sign wave is one that shifts in sign. A sine way does that,
but not in the way a phase modulated carrier does. Therefore that carrier
is not a sine way but a sign wave.


#90 of 210 by n8nxf on Wed Sep 16 10:13:36 1998:

r.e. #87.  I doubt that your average person will have the knowledge to do
something like that.  The width of the IF, the effect it has on the phase
of the signal and the frequency of the LO are all different.  Not to mention
trying to figure out where to inject the signal into the CD player and at
what level.
 
I think they do the sign wave at the stadium?


#91 of 210 by rcurl on Wed Sep 16 16:40:48 1998:

Also at political conventions. These are all examples of phase modulated
signaling. 


#92 of 210 by scott on Wed Sep 16 16:41:53 1998:

Well, you could inject an audio signal at the volume knob; that tends to be
a pretty good place (I've put CD jacks into car radios that way).


#93 of 210 by rcurl on Wed Sep 16 17:26:32 1998:

How does that create a digital tuner (which is what #87 asked, if I
am not mistaken)?


#94 of 210 by keesan on Wed Sep 16 20:43:05 1998:

Could you possibly just get the signal from the antenna and inject it at the
volume control, or should be be amplified a bit first?   How strong a signal
does a CD player deliver to the volume control (of the amplifier?).  Would
it help to inject the signal into the phono input, which usually has a preamp
attached?  I presume the signal from the antenna has to go into the CD player
somewhere - I don't recall any volume control in a CD player.  Where would
it be injected and does it need processing first?
(Sorry about any dumb questions, I never did understand radios).


#95 of 210 by scott on Wed Sep 16 21:38:33 1998:

er, getting the signal from the antenna to the volume knob has been quite
complicated for decades now.  It's been a long time since the "cat whisker"
days of receiver design.

How good are you at creating your own IC chips?  Cause that's where you'd have
to start for digital radio, most likely.


#96 of 210 by krj on Wed Sep 16 22:18:40 1998:

Found it!!!  I got this from the FCC's web site, by searching on the 
terms "digital radio canada".  The actual URL is too long and painful 
to type in...   I am reformatting it for 80 column width.
It sounds like the USA and Canada are going to implement two different
services.  
----------
                                
Report No. IN 98-50     INTERNATIONAL ACTION         September 3, 1998
                                
                                
      THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA AGREE ON CONDITIONS FOR
                       IMPLEMENTATION OF  
      U.S. SATELLITE DIGITAL AUDIO RADIO SERVICES (DARS) 
                              AND 
 CANADIAN TERRESTRIAL DIGITAL RADIO BROADCAST SERVICES (T-DRB)
               ALONG THE U.S./CANADA BORDER AREA  


     The United States and Canada have agreed on technical conditions 
for implementation of Terrestrial Digital Radio Broadcasting (T-DRB) 
services in Canada in the 1452-1492 MHz band and Satellite Digital 
Audio Radio Services (DARS) in the United States in the 2320-2345 MHz band.  
As a result, T-DRB service can be implemented immediately, and the 
launch of DARS can occur after a transition period.  
Coordination discussions regarding DARS are continuing with countries 
other than Canada.  

     These agreed upon conditions are the result of negotiations that 
took place over several years and involved complex inter-service 
frequency sharing considerations unique to the U.S. and Canada
in these two bands.  Although these bands are used for different 
services in Canada and the U.S., new applications of digital technology 
will be introduced by Canadian and U.S. providers.  It is important to
note that the continued operation of U.S. aeronautical telemetry 
stations was a paramount concern in these discussions.  
Looking to the future, FCC Chairman William E. Kennard, stated, 
"This successful negotiation will provide U.S.consumers access to 
innovative CD quality audio programming and will promote new 
communications services using innovative satellite-delivered 
digital technologies."

     U.S. Ambassador Vonya McCann and Canadian Assistant Deputy Minister 
Michael Binder exchanged letters that will allow both countries to 
begin to implement by September 1, 1998 the technical conditions for the 
introduction of these new digital sound broadcasting services 
on either side of the border.  Both the United States and Canada 
have pledged to work swiftly to convert these technical
conditions into binding international agreements. 

     In the interim both countries will implement these mutually 
agreeable conditions on an interim basis, beginning on September 1, 1998.  
Details of the conditions are available on the FCC internet
site for the International Bureau (http//www.fcc.gov/ib).

     For further information, contact Ronald Repasi, (202) 418-0768, 
Rosalee Chiara  (202) 418-0754 or  
Larry Olson at (202) 418-2142, of the International Bureau. 

                             - FCC -


#97 of 210 by rcurl on Thu Sep 17 00:05:54 1998:

Re #94: keesan, get an old Radio Amateurs Handbook, and read the
elementary explanations in that of how radio works.


#98 of 210 by n8nxf on Thu Sep 17 11:01:42 1998:

You can't inject a digital signal at the volume control, Scott.  All
you would get is buzzing.  Besides, the digital signal would be at least
8 bits.  Where would you put them all when tapping into a stereo receiver?
(The signal that comes out of your CD player is really analog.  The
digital signal on the CD didn't spend much time being digital once it
was read by the laser.  from there it goes to a digital to analog converter
(A to D) and the rest is all old fashioned analog circuitry.)

Cool! 2320-2345 MHz is not far from the 2.4 GHz microwave oven band!
Perhaps I can re-tune the cavity on my $5 garage sale special microwave
and be the first on the block transmitting digital audio!  ;-)


#99 of 210 by scott on Thu Sep 17 14:32:03 1998:

Er, I wasn't the one asking about putting digital signals into the volume
knob.  I was the one saying you could tap a digital tuner into the volume
knob, though.


#100 of 210 by rcurl on Thu Sep 17 15:11:49 1998:

Sure. Back when I was a teenager I was tapping audio signals into the
volume controls of (tube) radios, as a convenient amplifier. Had to watch
out, though, as those radios had no power transformers and plugs weren't
polarized, so the 'hot' side of the line could be on the chassis and
circuit ground.


#101 of 210 by n8nxf on Thu Sep 17 17:29:24 1998:

I'm sorry, Scott.  I misread #92.


#102 of 210 by keesan on Thu Sep 17 20:34:38 1998:

So can you somehow pick up digital signals with some sort of antenna and then
feed them into the CD player, at the point where it is about to convert the
digital to analog?  Would it be efficient to make a combination CD player cum
digital receiver?  Maybe also combined with a digital tape reader?


#103 of 210 by rcurl on Thu Sep 17 21:13:23 1998:

You could if the coding were identical, but I bet is is greatly different.


#104 of 210 by krj on Fri Sep 18 04:02:00 1998:

Sindi:  "digital" is just a generic description for the technique of 
sampling data and storing it as a computer file.  There are lots and 
lots of digital formats out there; the audio CD standard is just one.
Each format has its own software for decoding and playing the computer 
files -- in a home CD player, that's usually packaged in a chip.
But a CD player chip is going to be useless for decoding the Real 
Audio format, or a .WAV file, or a MP3 file.   It's only good for 
decoding the CD Audio format. 
 
It's unlikely to be easy or cost-effective to build a digital 
radio receiver by hacking a CD player and a conventional radio.
It's not likely to be possible at all; you'd probably be better off 
buying the chips, when the standards are announced, and assembling
the radio yourself as a hobbyist project.  The chips are going to 
be very cheap, if digital radio gets off the ground..


#105 of 210 by keesan on Fri Sep 18 15:21:39 1998:

Sounds fun.  Does anyone know how DVD works?  And what is .WAV or MP3?
Besides a chip, what would you need for a digital tuner?  Some sort of preamp?
Or could you feed a weak signal into the phono input, which will be obsolete
in amplifiers by then?  A think analog radios use variable capacitors to
select the frequency, would digital ones do the same?  Are there any digital
tuners built already, or schematics around to look at?


#106 of 210 by rcurl on Fri Sep 18 15:36:05 1998:

Gack! (Excuse me.) Read that Radio Amateur's Handbook - there is probably
an old one in the Kiwanis books for sale. All radios use variable capacitors
and/or inductors to "tune", but there is a wide variety of ways to do this.
You'll find schematics in - YES! - the Radio Amateur's Handbook.


#107 of 210 by scott on Fri Sep 18 17:09:37 1998:

Well, to bridge the knowledge perception gap a bit here... Sindi,the
construction questions you are (quite innocently, I assume) asking are sort
of like asking "Well if I need a car, can I hook a muffler to a shopping
cart?"  ;)


#108 of 210 by keesan on Fri Sep 18 17:16:56 1998:

schematics for a digital tuner?  In an old handbook?  omni gave us one.
Kiwanis tends not to get such valuable books.  I made an AM radio once in
physical chem lab, with a 9 volt battery in it.  What are the parts for a
digital tuner likely to cost new, and which ones are available in used tuners?
Maybe Kiwanis could be the first in town to sell digital tuners!


#109 of 210 by n8nxf on Fri Sep 18 19:05:43 1998:

First, someone who works at Kiwanis will need to get a degree in RF 
engineering.  Or, perhaps, you have one hanging around there already.


#110 of 210 by keesan on Fri Sep 18 21:16:37 1998:

I know a radio engineer from Bosnia who could help by email.  We don't plan
on actually designing the tuner, just following a schematic and maybe
modifying it a bit to use the parts we already have (dead receivers, an
occasional dead CD player, VCR, must be something useful in them).
Seriously, would someone want to take a crack at explaining how tuners work?
We have been repairing only the amplifier parts of receivers.  I could not
understand enough of the vocabulary in several books I looked at to figure
out the tuner part, other than that somehow the carrier signal has to be
subtracted to leave the information part, and I think the signal got amplified
a bit before reaching the volume control.  And how would digital tuners differ
from analog?


#111 of 210 by kentn on Sat Sep 19 01:29:22 1998:

We are rapidly learning why it is easier and cheaper to buy the darn
thing than spend years piddling around learning how to put one together,
or how to adapt older technology to some new (mostly incompatible)
technology.  Unless you have the time, energy, money, and ambition to
do it the hard way, of course.  You might even turn out to be a great
engineer in the process :)


#112 of 210 by scott on Sat Sep 19 12:20:53 1998:

My prediction is that a complete tuner will be cheaper than the individual
parts.  THere are precendents for that...

Seriously, unless you plan to become an electronics engineer with computer
engineering skills, the most you'll be able to do is an easy change like
adding a line out to a digital "walkman" style portable tuner.


#113 of 210 by keesan on Tue Sep 22 15:16:26 1998:

Cheaper than the individual parts _new_?
Kiwanis was given its first (for us) walkman style CD player (dead).  Anyone
want to suggest what to check first?  (I had better do this one in diy).


#114 of 210 by scott on Tue Sep 22 20:36:08 1998:

Yup, cheaper new.  You'd be suprised what economies of scale vs. cost of small
parts distribution adds up to.  For a laugh, try addingup the cost of a new
transmission for acar vs. cost of all the parts to build the same tranny.


#115 of 210 by keesan on Tue Sep 22 21:20:13 1998:

But if most of the parts were standard stuff we would not need to get them
new.  I know a radio would cost a fortune to buy all the parts for, retail.


#116 of 210 by n8nxf on Wed Sep 23 10:36:17 1998:

In part because many of the parts are custom made for the manufacturer and
pinouts and specifications are not available to the public.  In part because
the part you salvage may be out of spec., physically of the wrong size, or
have leads too short. Because the equipment to test and align what you made
will cost many thousands.  Because the parts you need may not be available
form the surplus on hand.  Heathkit went out of the kit business because
it was cheaper to buy all done and ready to play than to build it from
a kit.  To top it off, often what you wound up with was an inferior product.


#117 of 210 by keesan on Wed Sep 23 17:51:56 1998:

Okay, we will wait twenty years for digital radios at Kiwanis.  We are just
starting to get CD players, mostly not working.
CBC announced that it is broadcasting on ReadlAudio.  I don't recall seeing
them on a list.  One more somewhat classical station.


#118 of 210 by n8nxf on Thu Sep 24 09:51:55 1998:

Don't feel bad.  I have a pretty extensive knowledge of electronics and
even I will wait to buy one rather than build one.  If you want to listen
to more free audio, look into one of those 6' to 8' dishes used to receive
satellite TV.  Many of the TV channels carry audio on one of several 
subcarriers.  All you need to decode them is a stereo decoder, designed for
the task, or a good HF receiver added to the TV system.  BTW, does Kiwanis
have used satellite TV equipment?


#119 of 210 by keesan on Thu Sep 24 14:22:55 1998:

Jim is curious what sort of radio they broadcast.  Classical?
We went and listened to what the cable TV company carries on its cables, and
they have two classical 'stations', with selections repeated in random order
without any announcer.  It was about $8 a month plus the basic cable fee, and
we don't feel like paying $30/month for what we can get free from the library
on CD, no explanations or even a schedule of broadcasts.  For the cost of an
extra phone line and ISP service (about $30/month) plus a new computer we
could get RealAudio instead.  Jim still has the pieces for a slow pentium.
Any idea when digital radio will start being broadcast?
        I have not noticed satellite equipment at Kiwanis and electronics would
be the place it would come.  We are occasionally offered satellite dishes,
nobody seems to want them now.  A friend is making one into a solar oven by
pasting mylar over it and putting a black pot at the center, covered with a
large glass bowl, to pressure can his tomatoes during hot weather.
If you want any, try Freebies wanted.  People will be grateful if you take
it away for them.


#120 of 210 by n8nxf on Fri Sep 25 09:57:15 1998:

See there?  You could do this for free!  There are hundreds of audio
programs on satellite. (I'm not talking Digital Cirect Satellite, I'm
talking about the big dish satellite. Not the same as cable either.)
A colleague here at work does a lot with satellite equipment that he
picked up for very cheap.  He showed me the book on satellite audio
the other day.  You could put one of those dishes on the house you are
building and the neighbors would be absolutely convinced that you are
really building a rocket ship ;-)


#121 of 210 by keesan on Wed Sep 30 04:08:52 1998:

Kiwanis has at least one large satellite dish (I cannot get Jim to answer my
question about them).  What kind of electronics do you need to decode
satellite radio?  Would a metal roof affect the signal reception?  We get nice
radio reception running an antenna up into the cupola.


#122 of 210 by krj on Wed Sep 30 17:44:50 1998:

Today (Wednesday's) USA Today has an interesting article on two 
companies which are planning to start satellite digital radio broadcasting
in late 1999.  I'll hope to get back with a summary of the article 
later; it's on page 4D if you can grab a copy of the paper.


#123 of 210 by keesan on Fri Oct 2 19:44:12 1998:

Thanks, we are not near a paper and await your summary.


#124 of 210 by krj on Thu Oct 29 19:54:18 1998:

I have been unable to find the newspaper, or to make the USA TODAY
web site work with my browsers.  Sigh.


#125 of 210 by lumen on Fri Oct 30 00:37:17 1998:

I hope you're using Netscape?  Internet Explorer sucks.


#126 of 210 by keesan on Mon Dec 27 01:48:14 1999:

We were treated to an evening of laptop classical music.  In addition to the
few classical stations that broadcast (Yahoo has links to six of them, two
of which are Internet only, and these do not include WKAR, Seattle or London),
there is now something called netradio (www.netradio.com) which stays in
business by selling the CD's it plays, and claims 120 channels.  Some are not
yet working (Baroque is broke) but we found about four classical stations:
piano, symphony, chamber, and easy listening, plus a classical talk channel.
And a host of genres I had never even heard of before, plus Native American.
I don't recall anything ethnic apart from this.  We also managed to find the
Macedonian National Anthem (with a bad translation).
        I wonder if you can at least read this site with lynx.


#127 of 210 by keesan on Mon Dec 27 02:10:44 1999:

You can read about Lalo, see the list of genres, and see instructions to look
at the list above (it is below, with lynx) or to the left (it is below), but
to purchase a CD your browser must accept cookies (lynx does not).  They have
Holiday Music in several genres.


#128 of 210 by goose on Tue Dec 28 02:05:34 1999:

Was on eof those station WCPE?


#129 of 210 by keesan on Wed Dec 29 21:45:18 1999:

Yes.  WCPE Raleigh NC, WFMR Milwaukee, WFMT Chicago, WRR Dallas, KRTS Houson
(why K not W?), also internet only Diskjockey and Operadio.


#130 of 210 by goose on Thu Dec 30 01:47:00 1999:

K west of the Mississippi River, W East of it. (With a few exceptions for very
old callsigns)

There was a good article about WCPE in the Jan issue of Monitoring Times.


#131 of 210 by hematite on Fri Dec 31 07:40:33 1999:

(Such as KDKA in Pittsburgh Pa, and surrounding vicinity)


#132 of 210 by bruin on Fri Dec 31 17:56:35 1999:

And how about the radio & TV stations who have three letters in their call
sign rather than the usual four?


#133 of 210 by gull on Fri Dec 31 22:03:26 1999:

I think the three-letter radio stations were the original "clear channel"
stations, like WJR.  They were originally the only station on their
frequency, though that's not true any more, and most of them still don't
have to cut power at night.


#134 of 210 by dbratman on Mon Jan 3 18:38:14 2000:

3-letter stations tend to be older ones; at some point fairly early on 
the FCC started expecting 4-letter signs but let the existing 3-letter 
ones remain.  There was not, I believe, any specific relationship 
between number of letters and type of station.

Some versions of lynx do accept cookies.


#135 of 210 by gull on Mon Jan 3 19:46:59 2000:

As far as I know, though, no current version of lynx saves them from session
to session.


#136 of 210 by keesan on Mon Apr 17 03:24:01 2000:

We now have RealAudio going at Kiwanis.  Why is it that some stations sound
weaker than others?  What causes the long breaks?  Do some stations allow more
people to use them at once?  I had much better luck connecting to Bulgaria
and Turkey than to US stations Saturday evening.  Eastern Europe was about
4 am and people were probably sleeping.  Do you really need 16M RAM to run
RealAudio and if not, why was I told on a computer with 8M RAM that I had
insufficient bandwidth? (same speed computer as the one that works).
What versions of Netscape does RealAudio work with?  Do you need an older
version for older Netscapes?


#137 of 210 by rcurl on Mon Apr 17 05:00:34 2000:

I can't answer all your questions, but the long breaks occur because
all the packets needed for continuity have not arrived yet. The system
stockpiles them so that there are enough, in order, to give you a
reasonable piece of music.


#138 of 210 by orinoco on Mon Apr 17 09:25:58 2000:

...and the problem with 8M RAM may be that RealAudio then can't stockpile as
many packets-worth of music as it would like to.


#139 of 210 by keesan on Tue Apr 18 16:39:57 2000:

Is this 'buffering' and 'network congestion'?  We will try with 16M RAM
and the old version of RealAudio that came with bruin's computer when he gave
it to me.


#140 of 210 by rcurl on Tue Apr 18 18:28:36 2000:

It is 'buffering', done because of 'network congestion'. Incidentally,
the packets may (will) arrive out of order normally, because of the
processes for maximizing network capacity by continually rerouting them. 
So you can get hung up because just one packet went "round the barn".


#141 of 210 by keesan on Fri Apr 28 16:37:31 2000:

I have been trying out RealAudio Player 3 and 4 for Win31.  As promised, 3
works with 8M RAM and 4 with 16M.  But most of the sites I try to listen at
say that they require a newer version, or G2, or that they cannot play files
of type vnd.rn-realaudio (and Netscape cannot find a plugin for this).  Would
5.0 do any better?  The later versions are only for Win95 or later.  So far
I have managed to listened to one station from Chile (with a lot of network
congestion but good classical music) and one from the Czech Republic (very
fine quality reception but loud American pop music).  Netradio.com never works
even on our Win96 computer with RealAudio 7 - why?  How many different formats
are being broadcast?  One station offered Windows Media or Realplayer 5 (it
would not do 4).  I am tired of experimenting - has anyone compared 4 and 5?
All RealAudio talks about is improvements in the video.  It works without MS
Video for WIndows if you don't mind frequent messages.  
(4 does not work with 8M RAM, there is a message about bandwidth).


#142 of 210 by keesan on Mon May 1 14:30:54 2000:

RealAudio says to try version 5.0 but did not say whether it will play the
files that 4.0 will not.  They give very short answers.


#143 of 210 by keesan on Thu May 4 14:08:24 2000:

WITR said Version 5 would work, but Real Audio keeps giving me error messages
and crashing Netscape.  I did get WKAR working, very clearly.


#144 of 210 by keesan on Thu May 4 16:57:11 2000:

classicalwebcast.com is a very nice listing of about 50 classical stations
around the world, including Estonia, Korea, and Bulgaria, with clear
indication of whether you need Windows Media Player (for Win95 only), G2
(Win95) or 16K (etc. up to over 50K) mono or stereo.  (WKAR does not need G2
and they listed it as G2).  For my hardware (16M RAM) and software (RealPlayer
5) I have had the best luck with lower fidelity mono broadcasts (found one 8K,
many 15 or 16K and 20K).  Seattle KING works but with a lot of gaps in the
sound while buffering.  More RAM would probably fix this.  Clicking on 16K
mono takes you right to the broadcast, or you can click on the station name
for its home page.  I got Adelaide Australia (unlistenable quality), tried
to get Radio Bartok (timed out, busy), and crashed on Czech Radio 3, which
is classical, as is Croatian Radio 3. Another time I got Czech Radio 3,
classical, jazz, ethnic, etc., and got some American popular tune of the
forties (is this ethnic?).
We will probably set up one FreeBSD (UNIX) computer with Netscape and
Realaudio for Linux and lots of RAM.  Is there a Windows Media Player for
Linux?  (Is there a RealAudio for Linux?)
People have been complaining recently that my phone is busy all day.


#145 of 210 by keesan on Sat May 6 23:40:56 2000:

Peter Ribbens, who runs this site, tells me that WKAR broadcasts FM in G2 and
AM in something that I can hear with version 5.  That explains why it was all
talk.  Some of the file compression and other messages may result from my
using Win31 and not Win95, rather than dependent on the version of RealPlayer.


#146 of 210 by dbratman on Mon May 8 23:53:43 2000:

I have yet to try listening to radio on the web.  After reading the 
account of sound quality in post #144, I feel disinclined to try.


#147 of 210 by keesan on Sun May 21 12:49:54 2000:

Some stations have much better quality than others, and the statistics for
them reveal 100% of the signal was received either when due, or soon enough
afterwarsd for buffering to make up for that.  The really bad ones lose what
sounds like 50%.  Probably listening to stations that broadcast at rates more
than 20K, with a modem faster than 28K, would improve overall quality.  Many
of the stations broadcast at two or more rates, for people with modems or
direct connects (up to 128K), in mono or stereo.


#148 of 210 by keesan on Sun May 21 12:53:00 2000:

RealPlayer 7 basic is available for Win 95 or later, Mac 8, Solaris 2.6, or
Linux 2.0.  Does Linux come with a free dialer, or are there shareware dialers
for it?  Not much point in trying to listen with Win31/Shiva.


#149 of 210 by scott on Sun May 21 14:35:34 2000:

Linux does indeed include a dialer.  

(Linux doesn't have networking as an add-on like DOS and Win 3x.  It's all
part of the basic package)


#150 of 210 by krj on Wed Jun 7 16:11:04 2000:

Salon today has an overview article of the Internet radio scene, which they 
think is getting ready to explode in popularity:
 
http://salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/06/internet_radio/index.html
 
One little bit from the article: New Orleans jazz station WWOZ says it 
now has 50,000 online listeners to go with its 50,000 over-the-air
listeners, and it is getting 10-15% of its financial contributions from 
outside its broadcast area.
 


#151 of 210 by jmsaul on Sun Jul 2 14:54:34 2000:

There are now some 2500 stations listed on real.com's "Radio Tuner" website,
and quality is very good (for broadcast radio with a reasonable-quality tuner;
it isn't up there with my rooftop antenna and Linn Kudos tuner) most of the
time in experience.  Sometimes "Net Congestion" interferes with a specific
station at a specific time, so I just go to another one.

(I'm using a PowerMac 8600/300 and single-channel ISDN, for comparison
purposes.)

(Should we move the Internet radio part of this discussion to its own item?)


#152 of 210 by keesan on Mon Jul 3 14:53:51 2000:

Sure, start another item if you think there is enough more to say about it.


#153 of 210 by bmoran on Sun Jul 9 21:31:21 2000:

Hey, move it to the 'radio' .cf


#154 of 210 by bmoran on Sun Jul 9 21:54:51 2000:

OOPs, it's already there.


#155 of 210 by krj on Wed Aug 9 17:35:38 2000:

http://www.inside.com today offers a nice story on the two competing 
satellite radio systems, Sirius and XM, which are rapidly moving towards
market.  These will be subscription services for about $10/month,
intended for car drivers.   They plan to distinguish themselves
through the personalities of their DJs.  Sirius plans to recruit
serious and knowledgable people; XM plans to recruit wacky lunatics.
 
XM's plans are driven by Lee Abrams, "a radio legend credited with 
inventing every calcified format in existence -- album and classic
rock, urban contemporary, smooth jazz, Howard Stern."
 
No mention of classical music -- sorry Sindi -- but each service is 
supposed to have 50 channels so maybe a classical service will be 
tossed in.
 
http://www.inside.com/story/Story_Cached/0,2770,7859_9,00.html


#156 of 210 by keesan on Thu Aug 10 19:34:16 2000:

Lynx will not let me view this site.


#157 of 210 by keesan on Wed Nov 8 21:14:39 2000:

What is streaming MP3?  Is it the same as RealAudio?  If not, is anyone
broadcasting it and how would one listen to it?  What minimum modem speed
would be needed?  At 33K, it took me a lot longer to download a 1M MP3 file
than to listen to it, but I don't recall the ratio.


#158 of 210 by other on Wed Nov 8 21:26:48 2000:

Streaming in general is a technology better served by a connection which 
is fast enough to download data faster than the data can be handled and 
played back to you.  A 33k dial-up connection is not likely to make for a 
worthwhile experience of streaming mp3.


#159 of 210 by micklpkl on Thu Nov 9 01:04:14 2000:

Streaming MP3s are, I believe, Shoutcast streams
http://www.shoutcast.com
(although M$ is doing something similiar in another format)
It is different from RealAudio in several ways, from what I understand. I
admit to being self-taught in computer audio. RealAudio is another proprietary
format, and although popular, still requires specialized encoding and server
software. Shoutcast and streaming mp3s are making this quite a bit easier.
I've been listening to several different "homegrown" streams lately. I do this
by pointing WinAMP (not sure about cross-platform availability) to the URL
for the stream. Granted, for full, deep, stereo sound a broadband connection
is a definite must, but, as with mp3s themselves, the encoding parameters of
the music determines the bandwidth required. For example, at work where I am
stuck with a 56K dialup connection, I can listen to my favourite Celtic music
stream, but only because the "D.J." encoded his music at a low bitrate
suitable for dialup streaming. Most decent mp3s are encoded at a bitrate of
128 or 160 Kbps, with theoretically would require at least ISDN for decent
streaming.

I hope that helps. Again, I'm no expert; YMMV


#160 of 210 by keesan on Thu Nov 9 15:54:05 2000:

Are any MP3s encoded at 28K? (mono)  Some RealAudio broadcasts are.


#161 of 210 by keesan on Thu Nov 9 16:02:11 2000:

Looked at that site.  They offer a choice of players for Windows (Winamp),
Mac, or Linux/X.  Any chance that a DOS MP3 player could be made to work (QV,
DOSAMP)?  I looked up classical broadcasts, of which there are 18 (most are
mixed with jazz or other things), and the bitrates are listed as 128 (very
few), 56, 32, 24, 20 (Moscow) and even 18.  Presumably a 33K modem could
handle up to 32 (with some gaps).  


#162 of 210 by keesan on Thu Nov 9 16:05:40 2000:

Winamp requires Win95 or later.  Hopefully Arachne or Newdeal will come up
with some DOS-based way to hear streaming MP3.  Does this sound any better
than RealAudio at the same modem speed?


#163 of 210 by keesan on Thu Nov 9 16:15:26 2000:

www.mpeg.org/mpeg/mpeg-audio-player.html  has lots of links to mp3 info,
including one to players for most operating systems - 3 players for DOS, some
for OS/2, BeOS, Solaris, etc.  I might experiment with streaming MP3 and
Win31/Netscape.  Can't be any worse than RealAudio.  Shoutcast seemed to be
implying that only their WinAMP for Win95 would work.


#164 of 210 by krj on Mon Nov 13 17:49:41 2000:

My gut feeling is that no streaming system is going to sound particularly
good after it's run through a modem-speed connection, even a 56K one.


#165 of 210 by keesan on Tue Nov 14 03:04:39 2000:

How much worse would the best streaming audio sound at 56K than the Toledo
classical station as heard in Ann Arbor, 60 miles away?


#166 of 210 by krj on Tue Nov 14 18:36:39 2000:

Yeetch.  Tough call, as the damage being done to the sound is different
in the two transmissions.  Streaming is going to sound tinny, sort of 
like AM radio, with dropouts.  The FM signal from Toledo, particularly
in the daytime, is going to have that nasty hash/static noise.
Name your poison, I guess.


#167 of 210 by keesan on Wed Nov 15 22:09:41 2000:

Since Toledo is at many times of the day and week the only classical station
hearable in Ann Arbor, and at some times there are no classical broadcasts
at all (6-6:30 pm) even a tinny internet broadcast would be welcome.  Toledo
is not as bad in mono - I almost never try to listen to classical music on
the radio in stereo as we have no classical stations close enough.  


#168 of 210 by gelinas on Thu Nov 16 03:16:16 2000:

WKAR is often classical, and usually hearable.  The only place I regular
lose it is on Packard at State.


#169 of 210 by scott on Thu Nov 16 13:39:28 2000:

WKAR is mostly talk these days.  They do pipe in classical at night, I think
around 8pm is when they change from talk to music.


#170 of 210 by rcurl on Thu Nov 16 16:23:10 2000:

It is? I get mostly classical during the day (though I listen infrequently
- only when driving).


#171 of 210 by gelinas on Thu Nov 16 16:42:37 2000:

WUOM *used* to be classical and is *now* mostly talk.  WKAR is still classical
when I switch to it, which is less often.  I usually listen to WEMU, but
lately I've been tuning W4 Country whenever WEMU is not broadcasting news.
WKAR is the fall back when I can't stand any more jazz or twang.


#172 of 210 by scott on Thu Nov 16 16:47:42 2000:

Oops, right.  I confused WKAR and WUOM.


#173 of 210 by krj on Thu Nov 16 16:47:56 2000:

Scott's resp:169 sounds like a description of WUOM, not WKAR, before 
WUOM dumped its remaining classical music to run BBC news overnight.
 
WKAR-FM's web schedule says they run classical music from 8am - 4pm,
with hourly news breaks, 7pm-11pm (except for the Friday jazz show),
and then midnight through 5 am.  That's Monday through Friday, the 
weekend schedule packs in all sorts of non-classical stuff like 
"Prairie Home Companion" and the Sunday night folk music shows.


#174 of 210 by krj on Thu Nov 16 16:48:31 2000:

(several responses slipped in.  The price of research.  :) )


#175 of 210 by keesan on Thu Nov 16 19:05:04 2000:

Re 173 - this is why I was hoping to find some other source of classical music
for 4-7 pm (Toledo comes back around 6:30, Windsor plays a mixture including
some classical from 4-6), for Friday evening, and for Sat. and Sunday.  Toledo
plays more classical Fri-Sun than does WKAR.  Canada is pretty hopeless for
weekends.  I really should not be tying up my phone line, though.  When were
low-power stations going to start using the frequencies not currently used
in an area?  Any updates on digital broadcasting over the air?


#176 of 210 by krj on Thu Nov 16 20:54:19 2000:

There are two subscription services for digital radio from satellites
which are supposed to go live Real Soon Now.  I'm not sure what's holding
up the debut of the services; the last news article I saw talked about 
the radio presenters they were hiring and their differing programming
philosophies.   I thought the services were supposed to be up and 
running this year.   Probably there are delays in getting the receivers
-- mostly car-based -- to market.

I have only heard rumors about vague plans for digital terrestrial
broadcasting in the USA:  the FCC would like to reclaim today's 
FM band by moving everyone to digital systems, similar to the planned 
shift to HDTV for television.  My guess is that we are 5-10 years 
away from any such service.   Canada is supposed to moving forward 
briskly on digital land-based broadcasting.
 
Low power FM broadcasting is mired in political controversy.  
Congress, at the direction of the broadcast industry, is trying to 
pass a law to make the whole plan illegal.  Clinton is vowing to veto
any bill this is slipped into.  I don't know what the next president's
position on this will be.

My suggestion for your gaps: do what I do, tape some broadcasts off 
the net onto any handy cassette recorder and use those tapes to fill up  
the empty time.


#177 of 210 by keesan on Thu Nov 16 22:33:09 2000:

Thanks for the info and predictions.  Regarding taping broadcasts, the quality
is not good enough to bother.  I have an LP collection and am also too lazy
to put a record on, and recording is even more work.  Why is low-powered
broadcasting a political issue?  It seems to be legal in dorms, so why could
someone not, for instance, broadcast at a power that would be heard only
within Ann Arbor city limits, at some frequency not received here?

The Czechs and Dutch have cable radio.  In the Czech dorm the radios got only
one station.  The Dutch pay an annual tax on each non-portable receiver and
I think that, like the BBC, the taxpayers get to vote on what the stations
will play.  There are also rock stations broadcast from ships outside the
legal boundaries of the country.  I would appreciate cable radio that did not
also require paying for cable TV service, and that was not just a random
sequence (computer generated) of CDs, without comment or theme.  


#178 of 210 by gelinas on Fri Nov 17 02:29:02 2000:

It's a political issue because it threatens to take audience away from the
current broadcasters, who have spent money for the privilege of broadcast,
are making money broadcasting, and so have money to give to legislators to
make it a political issue.

Last I heard, those off-shore broadcasters were violating international
treaties on use of the electromagnetic spectrum.  That could easily be
defined as "piracy" and punished accordingly.  (Earlier this evening,
I (re-)read the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to
define piracy.)


#179 of 210 by keesan on Fri Nov 17 23:11:25 2000:

Perhaps permission to broadcast low-power could be given only to stations with
formats not already available in an area, which would appease current
broadcasters.  But I don't see how the current broadcasters have any right
to complain about someone else being allowed to broadcast, when they
themselves have that right and are not paying for it.


#180 of 210 by scott on Fri Nov 17 23:18:10 2000:

Low power broadcasting is actually a rather active topic currently.  The
National Association of Broadcasters is fighting low power licences, claiming
intereference with their signals by amateur equipment.  Advocates for low
power licensing point out that it currently costs several million to get any
kind of broadcast license, since all the currently allowable high power
licenses are already owned.


#181 of 210 by keesan on Sat Nov 18 01:54:56 2000:

Is the AM band considered to be full?  There used to be several AM classical
stations in the Detroit area.   (I was wrong about Friday night, Canada is
currently broadcasting Mahler and Beethoven, and Toledo something that might
be considered classical.  Why does WKAR switch to jazz on Friday evenings?)


#182 of 210 by krj on Mon Nov 20 14:40:21 2000:

In general, broadcasters are losing interest in the AM band.
Most listeners seem to reject AM for music listening; almost all AM 
stations are now used for programs of people talking.
Most AM stations have gone to the cheapest possible programming, 
nationally syndicated talk shows.
What little music survives on AM seems to be mostly either swing-era pop,
or ethnic music aimed at immigrant communities.  
 
For a while, WJR was playing Detroit Symphony shows on weekend evenings
after the Detroit commercial classical station folded.  But that seems 
to have stopped; there is no mention of it on WJR's web site.
 
MSU's NPR station WKAR plays an evening of jazz for the same reason 
they play an evening of folk music; they feel a responsibility to cover 
some musical fields which have no commercial presence on the dial in 
Lansing.  The underlying problem is that there is only one noncommercial
channel in the market, but there are lots more noncommercial types of 
music needing an outlet; this is the problem that we're hoping 
some sort of digital radio system will solve.


#183 of 210 by oddie on Mon Nov 20 20:54:22 2000:

A few months ago Boulder/Denver's NPR classical station was bought out 
(or taken over somehow, I don't remember all the details) and
the classical programming forced to move to an AM station. It was rather
a shock to hear exactly the same stuff in a lower quality medium. I don't
know, but I think they've obtained another FM station more recently.


#184 of 210 by dbratman on Tue Nov 21 16:57:40 2000:

There is - or was, last time I was in its receiving range in the 
daytime, which isn't often - an AM-only classical station in San 
Francisco, but that's because they sold the FM outlet, closed 
themselves down, and then changed their minds and restarted on the AM 
station they still had.

I was very impressed with WGUC when I visited Cincinnati, so that's the 
classical station I usually listen to when I want a web broadcast.  I'm 
sure there are other good ones, but one at a time is enough for me.

I actually prefer listening to music than voices on the web, and not 
just because they only place I like to listen to radio talk is in the 
car, where I have no web capacity.  To my ear, voices tend to break up 
very audibly, while music is not so obviously low-fidelity.  But I may 
just have a bad ear.


#185 of 210 by orinoco on Tue Nov 21 17:35:35 2000:

...or a differently sensitive ear.  Some people seem to be very well attuned
to the sound of peoples' voices, others to musical sounds, others to
mechanical sounds, etc.  


#186 of 210 by keesan on Tue Nov 21 19:58:27 2000:

So why is UofM wasting its FM capabilities on talk?
BigNet (formerly MichCom) is now selling DSL lines for $10 more than the cost
of a phone line plus ISP service (if you contract for 2 years).  This might
be the solution - fast connection that does not tie up the phone line and has
no dependence on a flaky Shiva dialler (which RealAudio said is what the
problem was when I kept disconnecting while trying to listen).  This ISP is
now offering shell accounts that you can access either dialup from Michigan
(as mich.com used to) or by DSL line from anywhere in the US.  There must be
some way to do streaming MP3 without Windows.


#187 of 210 by krj on Tue Nov 21 20:47:27 2000:

U of M dropped classical programming on WUOM because the station was in 
steep decline in both number of people listening, and in user contributions.
These numbers have roughly doubled since WUOM dumped classical music,
according to the news stories I've seen on the subject.


#188 of 210 by rcurl on Wed Nov 22 05:11:12 2000:

That's because there are administrators at UM that are more interested
in quantity than in quality. What does "steep decline" mean? Good
programming, adequately supported *by the institution* remains good
programming. Reducing the quality of the programming and showing an
increase in listeners and contributions doesn't mean anything, except that
that is the nature of people - quality always loses to quantity, *unless
one has a policy opposing that*. UM did not.

One really should look at the number of people that *don't* listen to
WUOM. By what percentage was that reduced by the change in programming?
I'd say the change in programming made an almost imperceptible change
in the percentage that don't listen, even though it brought in more $$$
to UM's coffers.


#189 of 210 by krj on Wed Nov 22 05:44:36 2000:

I don't know the details of WUOM; there was extensive coverage in the 
Observer as the massacre of classical music happened.  My guess is that
UM, like MSU, made substantial cuts in their direct funding to the 
NPR station and told the stations they had to make up the difference 
in public fundraising.


#190 of 210 by rcurl on Wed Nov 22 18:35:49 2000:

That is precisely what happened. That also gives us those seemingly
endless, repetitive, fund-raising weeks. I'm surprised that those forced
to do those don't commit suicide more often. What do they get out of being
so upbeat and cheerful for a week or so? Their salary, presumably, but
their real profession is usually not show business, and having to grovel
and dance for their dinner must be demeaning to many of them. Do you
really think they are all really doing it just for the "cause"? The
"cause"  being, being able to buy canned programming from NPR?



#191 of 210 by krj on Thu Nov 23 06:20:54 2000:

Here's another article about the two digital satellite systems:
http://www.latimes.com/business/cutting/ttimes/lat_radio001026.htm
 
The two competing firms have web sites:
XM Satellite Radio:     http://www.xmradio.com
Sirius Satellite Radio: http://www.siriusradio.com
 
The quote from Sirius:  "We don't just have a classical music channel.
We have three separate channels: symphonic, chamber and opera."
Doesn't look like they'll have a folk music channel, though.
Sirius says they'll be operating in January 2001.  You can sign up 
for a mailing list for information if you want to be a charter subscriber.

The quote from XM, the Lee Abrams operation:
"XM's more traditional classical channel will, ((Abrams)) said, be
 'very sensual, heavy with female voices.'"  Their site mentions
folk music, though.   I got a suspicion they don't mean my sort of 
folk music.


#192 of 210 by dbratman on Fri Nov 24 18:30:12 2000:

Sirius has three classical channels, gosh.  Netradio (www.netradio.com) 
has at least eight.  Besides an opera channel, they have two chamber 
music channels (one for piano music, one for everything else), two 
symphonic channels (one for actual symphonies, one for other stuff 
which appears to be mostly light classics), two early music channels 
(one called "Chant", god help us, and one more general), and something 
called "Quiet Classics".

There was an article in _The New Republic_ recently, at 
http://www.tnr.com/online/goldberg071000.html, complaining that the 
proliferation of micro-market net radio stations is destroying a sense 
of general community.  I can't see that as a wholly bad thing: "general 
community" too often means "lowest common denominator", though to be 
fair the author had stations like KPFA in mind.  Still, I never listen 
to stations like that, because they're too damn eclectic: I have no 
idea what kind of thing I'm likely to get.

The article mentioned sonicnet, in a disparaging way as the ultimate in 
solipsism for its support of personal stations, but I was intrigued 
enough to go over and check it out.  I have to say I liked what I saw, 
and set up my own station for my non-classical tastes.  If you haven't 
seen it, they give you a list of a couple dozen genres and subgenres (I 
had no idea that "East Coast Rap" and "West Coast Rap" were different 
subgenres) which you can use to make a rough choice, and then you can 
adjust individual artists in those genres on a 0-5 scale.  I tinkered 
with a few (up with Renaissance, out with Rod Stewart), but otherwise 
left it alone, mostly because most of the performers are people I've 
never heard, or even heard of.

So what I like about this setup is not so much my control over the 
music as the opportunity to hear new music that I might like, without 
either having to tread through broadcast pop radio sludge, or hunt down 
things on the web for myself.  If I like or dislike something new, I 
can change the settings, and any given song that annoys you, you can 
just press the skip button and get on to the next one.  How I wish I 
could do _that_ on broadcast radio!


#193 of 210 by keesan on Sat Nov 25 04:59:31 2000:

What is sonicnet and how do you make it work?


#194 of 210 by dbratman on Thu Nov 30 22:55:37 2000:

There is a link to sonicnet from the New Republic article, but I should 
have put it in.  The home page is radio.sonicnet.com.

You can choose from pre-set stations or invent your personal station.  
You do this by picking a couple favorite genres from a list (I'd advise 
against more than that: it waters down your selection too much), which 
then generates a list of performers at 1-5 stars, which you can then 
adjust to personal preference.  (For instance, I love folk but I hate 
Dylan, so zero stars for him.)  You can also add other artists 
individually, even ones not on the pre-set list, if they're in the 
database.

Every time you log on, the system creates a playlist from your current 
list of artists, weighted by current number of stars.  You can skip to 
the next selection at any time.  There's no choice of individual albums 
or songs: in practice you hear mostly recent releases or re-releases 
(putting Thompson at 5 stars means I'm getting a lot from "Mock 
Tudor"), punctuated by occasional Office Depot and Slim Jim commercials.

I think it's pretty cool, though I wouldn't want it to be my only web 
station.  Fidelity at 56K is not too great.


#195 of 210 by keesan on Fri Dec 1 23:42:41 2000:

I tried to put together my own personal classical station.  After following
all the instructions, it told me I had successfully added Blues (sic) and
then displayed below that one line where I was to tell them if I wanted to
hear a little or a lot of Bach, Mozart and Tchaikovsky (all spelled right).
I get the impression you are not supposed to be a classical fan if you are
using their 'stations' - classical is something you might want to mix in with
the real stuff.  Then I tried to find out the hardware requirements and after
loading all the graphics (can't see anything otherwise, it is all images
instead of text) I got a page with a lot of bullets and nothing after them.
At this point I concluded that I probably did not have what it took to use
their services.  I informed them of my experience in response to an automated
e-mail that arrived shortly after asking for broken links, etc.  
Is this 'station' something that utilizes RealAudio?


#196 of 210 by dbratman on Thu Dec 14 19:26:21 2000:

Keesan - Possibly your connection is too slow, though I use Sonicnet on 
a 56K modem without any problem about things loading.  Maybe it was 
just a bad day.  Try again?

I don't quite follow why you think you accidentally added "Blues" when 
you then got a list of Bach, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky, which suggests 
you did indeed get the classical section.

They have some pre-set classical stations on the service, too: you can 
find them under a link labeled "Radio Sonicnet Stations" at the top of 
the page, or from a pull-down menu labeled "Choose a station."

But if your classical tastes are as picky and idiosyncratic as mine, 
and you still want to create your own station, let me try to describe 
the process in more detail.  What you get when you log on and ask to 
create a station is a list of genres, with a set of radio buttons 
labeled 0-5 after each of them.  To create an all-classical station, 
leave all the other genres at 0 and put the one classical genre 
(called "Classical and Romantic") at 4 or 5.

Clicking OK at the bottom should, as I recall, take you to the page 
listing a bunch of composers of the 1750-1900 era, each with 0-5 stars 
after them.  You can edit your preferences by clicking on a name, which 
causes another little window to pop up with a set of the radio buttons 
on it.  Pick your choice and confirm.

Then, if you want to add composers from outside this period - there are 
a lot of performers/composers from all genres in the database who are 
not in the genre lists - do a "Search by Artist" and type in the 
composer's name.  A list of names fitting that word string will come 
up, and you click on the name as above.

As for technical requirements, the only ones I know of are in "Player 
Settings", which offers a choice between "Modem" and "DSL/ISDN Cable 
Modem/T1", and another choice between Windows Media Player, RealPlayer 
G2, and "I don't care".


#197 of 210 by keesan on Fri Dec 15 02:56:35 2000:

Thanks for all the info.  Is RealPlayer G2 the one that will not work with
Win31?  I don't have room on my hard drive for Win95 (or a whole lot of
interest in learning to use it).  The site told me, on the same page, that
I had successfully chosen Blues, while just below that it displayed Mozart
etc.  I may try again some day, after getting the neighbor to come over with
his Win95 CD and install it on an empty computer with a CD-ROM drive.  
Possibly my browser (Netscape 3) could not handle the site properly. 
(Netscape 4 takes up too much space).  Hopefully other grexers will benefit
from your instructions.  


#198 of 210 by keesan on Fri Dec 15 02:58:48 2000:

My modem is 28K - works on a few RealAudio stations.  I think I was using
Realaudio 4.  Crashed so often that I gave up.  RealAudio blames it on the
Shiva dialer.  I really need different hardware and software if I am going
to continue this experiment.


#199 of 210 by keesan on Mon Dec 18 03:50:33 2000:

From: tuomas leikola <tobo@sci.fi>

if you want to stream with windows, you can use winplay3 16bit, if you still
can find it somewhere.. the 16-bit version is a lot faster than the 32-bit
version, and it supports m3u files (not pls files, you will have to extract
the url yourself.)

the key number should not be hard to find, at days mp3 players were a new
thing (back on 486) winplay3 was the only considerable player there was :)


------------
------
What is a m3u file?  A pls file?  A key number?  Has anyone in this conf
listened to streaming mp3s with win31?



#200 of 210 by keesan on Wed Dec 20 16:25:51 2000:

I could find only Winplay3 for Win95.


#201 of 210 by dbratman on Sat Dec 30 16:48:37 2000:

I have come across more comments (I think they were on Usenet 
somewhere) by people who found the Sonicnet interface hard to 
understand and impossible to use.  I have no idea why they (and you) 
are having problems while I, with an Athlon chip but only a 56K modem 
on an ordinary phone line, find it works perfectly every time.  I've 
been on the other side of disputes like this (for instance, I can never 
get superglue to stick to anything), so I know how frustrating it can 
be.


#202 of 210 by n8nxf on Sun Dec 31 13:56:21 2000:

Not even your fingers?


#203 of 210 by keesan on Tue Jan 2 23:01:55 2001:

Maybe you need a 56K modem to get it to work?  I used my fastest, a 33K.
It probably would not have sounded so good anyway.


#204 of 210 by dbratman on Wed Jan 3 21:19:36 2001:

It doesn't even sound so hot at 56K, its biggest problem.  I think of 
it as AM radio, which doesn't sound terrific either.  Having found on 
occasion that songs I enjoyed on the car radio sounded terrible with CD 
quality and no background noise, I'm not upset about this.


#205 of 210 by keesan on Thu Feb 1 21:07:37 2001:

Sonicnet just replieed (my help equest went astray).  Their online system
rquirements (under Help) call for Realplayer G2, which I think requires Win95,
which I do not have.  They also suggest a DSL line, a fast Pentium, 64M RAM,
etc.  Will see if Arachne will play streaming MP3 - there are hints to that
effect in the latest version.  The tech support also suggested hooking up the
computer to my stereo system for better-than-radio sound.  


#206 of 210 by dbratman on Thu Feb 1 21:16:53 2001:

DSL you don't need.  I know that because I don't have it at home.  I 
have those other things, though (except I have an AMD Athlon, not a 
*ych pfu* Pentium) [religious wars, never mind]


#207 of 210 by keesan on Fri Feb 2 02:57:41 2001:

It sounds like all you really need is Win95 (to handle RealAudio G2) and 16M
RAM and a 28K modem, and a fast 486.  We were listening to Realaudio G2 on
this combination before.  I hate to bother installing 60M Win95, then Dialup
Networking, then 15M download of Netscape 4 (expands to 28M), but we have
enough comptuers that I could sacrifice one just for that.  Or listen to LPs.


#208 of 210 by krj on Thu Feb 22 01:56:37 2001:

News item from zdnet.com and wsj.com.  A company called "Supertracks"
has an idea for improving the profitability of Internet radio.  
According to the article, Supertracks claim that the costs of 
streaming radio are so high that a user who listens to high-quality
sound for 1.5 hours per day costs the webcaster $81 per year.
Their solution?  They figure you listen to the same songs over 
and over again anyway, so they download a library of 400 songs to 
your computer and then only the play order has to be sent out from
the central office.  They say they'll swap out 100 songs per month.
This is supposed to cut the cost to $15 per listener.


#209 of 210 by mcnally on Thu Feb 22 04:29:59 2001:

  I've only recently been experimenting more with Internet radio but
  so far I find it dramatically preferable to broadcast stations..

  While Supertracks' suggestion may be technically sound, I can't
  imagine it working out very well with clearance from the record labels.


#210 of 210 by krj on Fri Feb 23 03:13:18 2001:

Just finished up two evenings of streaming Real Audio world music 
programs onto, um, cassette.  How low tech, but I have the hardware and
it plays nice in the car.   I find that the stream speed which Real Audio
negotiates varies with the time of day: during the business day I can't
get much better than 11K, which is sub-AM quality, but starting around
4 or 5 I can usually get 96K, which is just a little sub-FM with artifacts,
and after 7 pm I can get 96K reliably.  I don't know if the bottleneck
is at my end, at the program source, or on the network backbones.
 
Approximately eight more CDs which I must find.  Now I'm looking for 
a source for Italian political rap CDs.  

This stuff is at http://www.wen.com, and the best shows are hosted by 
Ian (not jethro tull) Anderson and Charlie Gillett.  I've ranted about
how wonderful this stuff is before.


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