Grex Music3 Conference

Item 37: The Seventh Napster Item

Entered by krj on Tue Sep 25 17:19:53 2001:

Continuing the weblog, with occasional discussion, about news relating to 
the deconstruction of the music business: with side forays, to 
steal polygon's description, into "intellectual property, freedom 
of expression, electronic media, corporate control, and 
evolving technology." 

This item is linked between the Fall Agora conference and the 
Music conference.

If you want to read lots and lots and lots of historical overview,
previous items in this series can be found in the archive 
conference music2:
      item:music2,240
      item:music2,279
      item:music2,280
      item:music2,294
      item:music2,304
      item:music2,315
87 responses total.

#1 of 87 by krj on Tue Sep 25 17:27:48 2001:

We start off the Fall version with Authentic Napster News:
 
http://www.wired.com/news/mp3/0,1285,47075,00.html
 
Napster has settled with the music publishers -- $26 million for 
past infringements and $10 million for future licensed use.
 
> "Senators Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) and Patrick Leahy (D-Vermont)
>  oversaw negotiations that paved the way for a settlement between
>  Napster and the music publishers. 

>  The landmark deal -- which is expected to be certified
>  within the next 60 days by District Court Judge Marilyn
>  Hall Patel -- settles a major part of litigation brought by
>  the music industry that forced the company to shutter
>  its file-trading service in July. 

>  The new agreement would give Napster access to
>  700,000 songs from major label artists like Madonna,
>  Santana and Britney Spears, although the company
>  must still reach a settlement with the five major music
>  labels. 

>  Still, the agreement does lay the groundwork for future
>  business deals. 

The article expresses concern that this is a lot of money for
Napster to pay, given that it has no income.

Remember that there are two copyrights involved in every sound 
recording, one for the songwriting and one for the performance,
and those two are generally held by different businesses.


#2 of 87 by krj on Wed Sep 26 22:35:19 2001:

Widely reported: Vivendi Universal will start using an unspecified 
copy-prevention system on its CDs beginning in about a month.


#3 of 87 by mcnally on Thu Sep 27 04:45:22 2001:

  .. and apparently plans to use it on *all* Universal releases by 
     1Q 2002..


#4 of 87 by krj on Thu Sep 27 17:14:50 2001:

Music publishers were suing Vivendi Universal for its farmclub.com
operation.  Universal claimed that the licenses it held for selling
copyrighted music on CDs were sufficiently elastic to cover downloads
through farmclub.com, but a federal court in New York has sided 
with the music publishers, ruling that downloading is a new business
activity not included in the existing licenses.
 
"It was unclear what damages Universal could face as a result of 
Wednesday's ruling."
 
http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-7312624.html?tag=lh

----

Another Cnet story reports that MusicNet, the online music selling venture
of RealNetworks, AOL Time Warner, EMI, BMG and Zomba, has delivered its
software platform to its partners and so its launch should be imminent.
The story goes on to discuss how unappealing MusicNet is going to be, 
and even the firms involved don't expect many users.
 
http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-7314600.html?tag=lh


#5 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 1 02:05:59 2001:

Yet another Cnet story on a plan to throttle the ripping of CDs:
 
http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-201-7320279-0.html?tag=tp_pr

quote:

>       The record industry is experimenting with a new strategy 
>       for protecting CDs from being
>       copied in CD burners or on computers. Unlike 
>       previous anti-copying measures, this plan
>       will place two versions of an album on a single disc: one
>       in standard CD form, modified so that it can't be
>       transferred to a computer hard drive, and another in
>       Microsoft's Windows Media Audio digital format, rigged so
>       that files can be copied to a PC, but with some
>       restrictions on how they can be used. 

Anybody heard of any consumers eager to collect Windows Media files?  :)


#6 of 87 by apswartz on Mon Oct 1 04:09:41 2001:

I don't know. I suppose as long as you can plug a cd player into your sound
card you will be able to create mp3's -- it will just take a little more work.
Eventually the software will be there to make it easier.

I believe it was Esther Dyson (among others) who said that corporations will
have to rethink the who notion of property in such a technological age where
information is reduced to bytes.


#7 of 87 by russ on Mon Oct 1 11:30:04 2001:

Hey, I wouldn't touch Windoze *anything* unless I had to.

Any CD that will play in a conventional player is rippable with a
sufficiently clever ripper.  There is no way around this that works
with legacy hardware.  Anyone arguing otherwise is a liar or an idiot.


#8 of 87 by mary on Mon Oct 1 12:30:38 2001:

You know, if someone was entering responses here on how to copy
software or schemes to rip-off books from the library, you'd all
be thinking that's pretty, er, wrong.  Especially the sharing of
software, probably.  

So I really don't get why this is any the more right or clever.


#9 of 87 by flem on Mon Oct 1 15:01:04 2001:

You know, there *are* legitimate uses for mp3 technology.  It *is* possible
to want to do completely legal things, things that are specifically protected
by copyright law even, that would be prevented were these schemes to succeed.
  Your library example, Mary, is the right example, but the wrong direction.
Napster was the library, and now RIAA has shut it down so that they can sell
more books. 


#10 of 87 by scott on Mon Oct 1 15:38:18 2001:

Well, I'd say that RIAA now wants books to be limited in various ways as to
prevent people loaning each other books, or even being able to own books at
all.

Imagine if you suddenly couldn't trade recipes because a powerful cookbook
lobby pushed some new laws through.  After all, recipe pirating has gotten
much more widespread thanks to perfect digital copies (as opposed to
hand-written copies with possible mistakes or illegible writing), so that's
why cookbook sales have been dropping.


#11 of 87 by brighn on Mon Oct 1 16:13:39 2001:

I still don't agree with the analogy of Napster to a library, but that
ground's been trampled enough.

I do think it's bizarre and far overstepping bounds to create technology taht
would prevent even the legal exchange of sound files. The purpose of copyright
law is to give the creator full control over their work, and that includes
the right to release such work fully into the public domain.


#12 of 87 by mary on Mon Oct 1 17:32:52 2001:

If CDs you purchase are done so under a license that they will
not be copied then they shouldn't be copied.  That's the deal.  If
you don't like it then don't buy it.

I hope the recording industry eventually comes up with a technology
whereby blank disks used for personal use (original content) could be
copied but those sold and licensed not for duplication couldn't be. 

But I absolutely see it as the right of the artist and record company
to sell their ware under whatever rules they wish.  I feel the 
same about programmers and cookbook authors.


#13 of 87 by flem on Mon Oct 1 18:25:14 2001:

Sure, Mary, the record company and the artist have the right to sell their
wares under whatever rules they want.  And if I don't like it, I won't buy
it.  Absolutely.  What I'm trying to do is convince the record companies that
they should sell things under a set of rules more palatable to me.  I'm doing
this by trying to convince other people that 1) the set of rules they want
to use is heavy-handed and unfair, and 2) a better alternative exists. 
Maybe if enough people think like I do, the record companies will maybe 
actually do something about it.  (Actually, I think this is unlikely.  I 
think that either artists will stop associating themselves with record
companies and go directly to their fan base, or new record companies with
better policies will replace the old ones.  Either way I think the 
dominant record companies of today are doomed, and I'm not unhappy about
this.)
  In particular, I want two things.  First, I want it to be absolutely 
clear when I buy a CD (or movie, or e-book, or any other piece of 
content) that what I'm buying is the content, not the physical media 
on which the content currently resides.  My use of the content is 
constrained by existing copyright laws, so I can't legally claim  I 
created it, or sell (or give) copies to my friends.  I would, however, be
able to use samples under fair use, and resell the content without 
keeping a copy myself, just as I can sell a used CD now. 
  Second, I'd like a library.  A place where I could go and try out 
the content before I buy it, or where I could do research using content
I didn't personally own a copy of.  Yes, I realize that in the digital 
world there's no such thing as "lending" content.  Good faith is called for. 



#14 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 1 18:33:20 2001:

EE Times has a piece on the SSSCA proposed legislation.
Computers are only mentioned in passing; the main focus of the article
is on the plans to give the copyright industry control over when and
what VCRs can record.
 
http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20010928S0110


#15 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 1 18:49:31 2001:

Mary in resp:12 ::
"I hope the recording industry eventually comes up with a technology
 whereby blank disks used for personal use (original content) could be
 copied but those sold and licensed not for duplication couldn't be. "

Sure, that's the thrust of the SSSCA (Security Systems Standards and 
Certification Act).  The "collateral damage" is that for any such 
scheme to work, Linux and all the other open-source Unix programs --
anything that lets users tinker with the insides of their computers -- 
must be removed from the market, either by outright banning, or by 
making it illegal to make hardware which will work with the open-source
operating systems.   Essentially, the argument of the SSSCA is that 
consumers must not be allowed to own machines which make copies.
Kind of like the old Soviet Union and their restriction on Xerox machines.
 
Much of the capitalist thrust of the last 20 years has been about 
"empowering consumers."  Now, in a massive way, some industries are 
talking about stripping consumers of power.


#16 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 1 19:02:40 2001:

Oh, and Mary, we've already been stripped of the right to duplicate
our own personal recordings on digital media.  Leslie and I are already
struggling with this with a stack of minidiscs she recorded of 
her and her fellow students performing in Europe this summer.
Her friends want copies of their performances, and we have no easy
way to make copies for them.  


#17 of 87 by brighn on Mon Oct 1 19:16:28 2001:

Ok, I'm an artist. I've written sroties, drawn pictures, made a few primitive
recordings. My understanding is, by the new rules, if *I* sell copies of my
music with a desire that the people who buy that music make as many copies
as they please, and distribute them to whomever they please, then the
technology will restrict me from doing so. Is that a correct understanding?
And if it IS a correct understanding, is not the RIAA infringing on MY rights
as the creator?

<sroties>stories>


#18 of 87 by mary on Mon Oct 1 21:38:09 2001:

RE: 15 I suspect that a method will be devised whereby the use of Linux
will be safe *and* the end user won't be able to make illegal copies.  I
also suspect that lots of people will still think this is somehow unfair.

Flem, I think we agree on much here.  I don't like the trends either but
I can understand why it's come to such heavy-handedness, and lots and 
lots of users are looking like part of the problem.

This is both a people and a technology problem.  I'll put my money on
technology getting to a fair resolution, eventually.  And if people are
going to put pressure on how this technology evolves then I'd suggest
a boycott on new recordings rather than theft, given those choices.



#19 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 1 22:02:49 2001:

http://www.latimes.com/technology/la-000077255sep27.story

Another overview piece from the LA Times but with a few interesting details.
 
The hook:

>  The phenomenal grown of online song-sharing services has led many 
>  music industry executives to an ugly conclusion:  Within every 
>  consumer lurks a shoplifter who would, if given the opportunity,
>  accumulate an entire collection of songs by theft.
>
>  Over the next few months that grim hypothesis finally will be put to 
>  the test.  Consumers are beginning to see some legitimate alternatives
>  online to Napster et al, service that will let them listen to or 
>  download a wide array of songs for a flat monthly fee....
>
>  But each of the new services is limited in significant ways that may 
>  turn off consumers.  Those limits trace back to the industry's suspicion
>  that customers can't be trusted to do the right thing, combined with the 
>  record companies' resistance to radical changes in music economics...

As none of the startups can legally offer the breadth of material that
Napster did, some are trying to win a specialized audience.

For me, most of the interesting details are about the Womad Digital Channel,
from Peter Gabriel's Womad/Real World "world music" operations.  
Quote: 
>  For about $7.50 per month, subscribers can download about three CDs worth
>  of songs from various world-music genres, either in a prepackaged playlist
>  or a combination they assemble themselves.
>  The songs remain playable for one month only, unless the subscriber pays
>  an additional sum -- between $1.50 and $3.00 per track -- for a permanent
>  copy.

So, for $90 per year, I could buy the privilege of previewing a limited
amount of material from just one small label.  Album-sized collections of 
songs I could purchase for between, say, $15 and $30.
 
I'm sorry, I'm a world music fan and I buy lots of Real World/Womad items,
but this license arrangement is a non-starter.



#20 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 1 22:19:59 2001:

This response has been erased.



#21 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 1 22:32:02 2001:

(poor phrasing in resp:20, let me try again.)
Mary's resp:18, predicting that some wonderful way will be found to save
Linus after copy prevention systems are standard, is either overoptimistic
or insufficiently informed.
 
It is already impossible for a law-abiding citizen to use a DVD disk or 
player with a Linux computer.  The group that controls the DVD patents 
will not allow the needed drivers to be sold; as a result, the only 
way to use a DVD on a Linux computer is with criminal software, the 
renowned DeCSS program.
 
From there, it is a small step to making it impossible for Linux to 
operate with a copy-preventing hard disk.  Then, the legislature makes
a requirement that all new hard disks must use the copy-prevention
system.  Voila, Linux is effectively banned.
 
The whole idea of Linux is that it allows the user total control 
of the operating system.  This is why the DVD consortium will not license
a Linux DVD player; it is why no successful copy prevention system can 
allow Linux machines to exist freely.  When the user has total control
of the operating system, bypassing any hardware restraints on copying 
is trivial.


#22 of 87 by senna on Tue Oct 2 01:36:02 2001:

I wonder, if this legislation goes through, if there will be a run on
non-restricted computers shortly before restrictions are placed into effect.


#23 of 87 by mdw on Tue Oct 2 01:41:40 2001:

One of the things I'd like to be able to do is to take my legitimately
purchased CD's, record some of the music in the form of MP3's on another
CD, and take that on motorcycle trips.  As I understand it, the
compression in MP3's is much better than a regular CD, so I should be
able to record about 10 hours of playtime on a single CD.


#24 of 87 by goose on Tue Oct 2 16:28:50 2001:

There is no compression on regular CDs.


#25 of 87 by micklpkl on Tue Oct 2 16:33:07 2001:

Regarding the plan mentioned in resp:5 to introduce copy-protected CD Audio
and .wma files, there is a good article here:

http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2815388,00.html

The article contains a link to McFadden's detailed discussion of how CD
copy-prohibition works, and how it can be circumvented. This is in the
cdr-faq, here:

http://www.cdrfaq.org/faq02.html#S2-4-3   (for the Macrovision/SafeAudio
scheme ... scroll down to Section 2-4-4 for an fascinating description of the
SunnComm/MediaCloQ scheme used on that Charley Pride CD)


#26 of 87 by brighn on Tue Oct 2 16:43:10 2001:

(Technically, isn't there *always* compression of some sort when storing an
analog image [including sound] in a digital format, from the standpoint that
there's necessarily truncation/rounding?)


#27 of 87 by krj on Tue Oct 2 20:36:29 2001:

The cdrfaq.org description of what seems to be going on with the various
copy protection schemes is the best I have seen.  *Highly* recommended
if you want to get into nuts & bolts.


#28 of 87 by mdw on Tue Oct 2 21:37:58 2001:

Given that regular CD's use "no" compression, I think that definitely
qualifies as "less" compression than MP-3's.  :-)


#29 of 87 by krj on Tue Oct 2 22:17:27 2001:

I don't know what the word would be to describe what brighn is 
getting at, but it certainly wouldn't be "compression."


#30 of 87 by remmers on Tue Oct 2 22:58:43 2001:

"Lossage", maybe.


#31 of 87 by mcnally on Tue Oct 2 23:30:43 2001:

  Quantization error?


#32 of 87 by krj on Wed Oct 3 00:19:27 2001:

Bingo, that's it.


#33 of 87 by goose on Wed Oct 3 02:32:27 2001:

Darn, Mike beat me to it. ;-)  Although, quantizing error is pretty much a
non issue these days with advanced noise shaping and dithering when combined
with 20 and 24bit wordlengths in the master tapes.  


#34 of 87 by russ on Wed Oct 3 13:29:51 2001:

I haven't examined this closely, but you could probably produce
a compressed file with less quantization error than the original
CD by using auto-correlation to distinguish the signal from the
quantization noise, then compressing the result.  Adding a few
bits to the volume field of a wavelet descriptor (or whatever
the compression scheme uses) doesn't increase the file size
nearly as much as the compression of many samples into a small
descriptor decreases the file size.

Quantization error comes out as noise, mostly.  The dynamic range
(loudest possible level above the noise) of a CD using 16-bit
samples is already 96 dB or more.  Your ears can't use that much
very effectively, so it's questionable what an improvement there
would add to the perceived quality.  Fewer artifacts and better
handling of transients would probably do a lot more.

Has anyone hacked a personal MP3 player to handle .OGG files?


#35 of 87 by dbratman on Wed Oct 3 19:04:11 2001:

The statement that the record companies can sell their CDs under any 
restrictions they care to is, while basically true, somewhat 
misleading.  They can add provisions to the effect that they can come 
and take your computer and your first-born child away if they feel like 
it (and reading some software license agreements, that seems to be 
about the size of it), but somewhere this passes the legitimate rights 
of contract, even if the buyer enters freely into it.

The closest equivalent in the brick&mortar world I can think of to 
these new restrictions is property covenants.  ("No future owner of 
this property may at any time sell it to Jews," that sort of thing.)  
Such covenants are being widely voided, circumvented, or just ignored, 
and this is generally a wholesome development.

The problem with the CD restrictions, and even more with e-book 
restrictions, is that rights we've always had are being taken away to 
prevent illegal activity we've never had a right to.  They're 
eliminating the whole idea of actually purchasing a copy of the 
material at all, and turning it into something more closely resembling 
a permanent lease.  The rights I'm thinking of are the right to sell or 
give away the copy, the right to transfer (not to copy: just to 
transfer) downloaded software from one computer to another; the right 
to copy music to a recordable medium for personal use, and so on.  And 
the right of a public library to have copies for loan.


#36 of 87 by krj on Wed Oct 3 19:38:59 2001:

The RIAA and the MPAA sue the file swapping operations Music City, 
KaZaa and Grokster:
 
http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-7389552.html?tag=nbs
 
These three firms are the leading successors to Napster, in terms
of number of users.
All three firms use a peer-to-peer file swapping program 
from a company called FastTrack.  The software is Gnutella-like, in 
that searches propagate from user to user without going through a 
central directory as Napster did.   This means that the software 
will continue to operate even if these firms are shut down.

MusicCity is based in the US.  KaZaa is based in the Netherlands, and 
Grokster is based in Nevis, in the West Indies.  Quote:
> Perhaps more than any previous legal action, the 
> latest lawsuit will test the ability of courts
> and one nation's system of law to reach across international 
> borders for an online issue--and
> over technological hurdles that many techno-libertarians 
> have deemed all but impassable. 

The RIAA is considering also suing the venture capitalists who funded
MusicCity.

Quote, repeating stuff we've said before:
> Consulting firm Webnoize estimated that 3.05 billion files 
> were downloaded using the
> FastTrack-based network, Audiogalaxy, iMesh and the Gnutella 
> network during August. That
> compared with a similar estimate of 2.79 billion files 
> downloaded through Napster in February
> 2001, the peak of that service's popularity. 



#37 of 87 by krj on Wed Oct 3 19:46:49 2001:

wired.com offers a piece on author Siva Vaidhyanathan and his book
"Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and 
How It Threatens Creativity."  I'll just pull out one quick quote:
 
> After the attacks, a shift in priorities 
> came that leaves the "Security Systems
> Standard & Certification Act" (SSSCA) in limbo. 
> Communications Daily now rates the
> chances that the SSSCA will even show its 
> face on Capitol Hill anytime this session as
> "unlikely." 

> That suits Vaidhyanathan just fine. 

> "The bill as written is so sweeping that it would 
> outlaw Linux -- or any sort of
> open-source activity," he said. "It would 
> require us to fundamentally change the
> nature of the personal computer. 

http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,47195,00.html


#38 of 87 by krj on Wed Oct 3 21:15:36 2001:

http://www.dotcomscoop.com says they have leaked copies of the 
RIAA's legal strategy and analysis of the FastTrack-based networks, 
plus a boring letter from the RIAA's Hilary Rosen.  Both are posted.

http://www.dotcomscoop.com/riaa1003.html

My summary:
The RIAA thinks they can flip the software company FastTrack to get 
the evidence needed to win the case against FastTrack's customer
Music City, the one defendant based in the US, and then get FastTrack's
cooperation to subvert the other two networks operating outside US 
jurisdiction by enlisting FastTrack to break the encrypted links
involved in the system.


#39 of 87 by goose on Thu Oct 4 12:57:46 2001:

How does that quote go about killing one and two appear in it's place?


#40 of 87 by polygon on Thu Oct 4 20:49:02 2001:

Re 35.  On the real estate restrictive covenant tangent: racially and
other such covenants were ruled to be void as against public policy by the
U.S. Supreme Court in Shelley v. Kraemer, 1948.  More broadly, most states
have laws which provide that covenants are not enforceable unless they
have expiration dates, usually limited to 40 years or so.  (I could go on,
but this is the wrong item.)


#41 of 87 by dbratman on Fri Oct 5 21:59:01 2001:

So do you think we can get those restrictions - NOT on illegal copying 
and distribution, but on what you can do with your _own purchased 
single_ copy of a CD - similarly ruled as against public policy?  
Because that nicely expresses the problem with them.


#42 of 87 by krj on Tue Oct 9 22:38:09 2001:

The Register moves another alarmist story.  According to their 
leak sources, the RIAA held a secret meeting last week with 
the record label heads, movie studios, US Senators Fritz Hollings
and Ted Stevens (sponsors of the SSSCA), and the heads of Toshiba
and Matsushita.

http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/22087.html

Some highlights:
 
Hilary Rosen of the RIAA said, "we are working with sound card manufacturers
to implement technology that will block the recording of watermarked content
in both digital and analogue form."  ((That would have to be backed up 
with a SSSCA requirement that all sound cards use this system, of course.))

The RIAA intends to push for the adoption of a hard drive specification
similar to the rejected CPRM (Content Protection for Recordable Media)
rules.

Rosen wants ISPs to be liable for the copyright violations of their users.

Disney's Michael Eisner wants to gut privacy rules:  he said, "Privacy 
laws are our biggest impediment to us obtaining our objectives."


#43 of 87 by mcnally on Wed Oct 10 00:16:02 2001:

  <sigh>


#44 of 87 by gull on Wed Oct 10 13:27:02 2001:

Re #23: Recording a CD you own to MP3 files for your own use is one of 
the things record companies would like to prevent you from doing.  
(It's already technically illegal.)

What the record companies really want to see is for something else to 
replace the CD.  They're hoping for this for two reasons:  it'd give 
them a chance to come up with a format that's more difficult to copy, 
and they think it would allow them to sell everyone another copy of all 
the albums they own.  They made out like bandits when people converted 
from LPs to CDs, and they're hoping they can do so again.  Under some 
schemes I've seen, you'd actually need to buy more than one new copy; 
some of them would license the copy to the player, so that, for 
example, you'd need to buy one for your home stereo, one for your car, 
and one for your portable...

Re #42: The Register has published a retraction of that story here:
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/31/22138.html
It's likely the meeting never happened.  I'm guessing the Michael 
Eisner quote was probably made up -- even if he thinks that, I don't 
think he'd actually say it out loud.


#45 of 87 by krj on Wed Oct 10 16:18:49 2001:

Well, my face is slightly red.  Apologies for distributing disinformation
in resp:42.


#46 of 87 by bru on Wed Oct 10 17:08:21 2001:

I heard that the largest representative of recording artists has agreed to
make all their music available on line from a source for a fee as yet to be
determined.


#47 of 87 by mcnally on Wed Oct 10 20:47:40 2001:

  Weblog Plastic (www.plastic.com) featured a link recently to a story
  reporting that Vivendi Universal, which has just taken over management
  of MP3.com, announced immediately after the takeover that it would be
  reducing the sites "Payback for Playback" payments (which reward artists
  with the most popular downloads) by 80%.  The link pointed here: 
  http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2001/p4p.html


#48 of 87 by krj on Wed Oct 10 21:05:31 2001:

It doesn't surprise me.  It's not clear that the money paid out in
the Payback for Playback program ever helped create much revenue 
for mp3.com.  I chalk it up as another failed dot-com business model.


#49 of 87 by gull on Thu Oct 11 14:05:35 2001:

Re #45: That's okay.  I got "taken" by it, too...I think it says 
something about the RIAA that so many people found the story believable.


#50 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 15 18:59:40 2001:

The outrages keep on coming...  From Declan McCullagh & Wired:
 
http://www.wired.com/news/conflict/0,2100,47552,00.html

The RIAA wants to be immunized from any liability if they break into 
computers or networks in search of illicit MP3 files.  
They want immunity from consequential damages if they screw up your 
system.
 
So far their attempts to slip this into anti-terrorism bills have failed.
But it does show that the RIAA's thinking in terms of vigilanteeism.

((The RIAA's spokesman in this matter is lying weasel Mitch Glazer. 
Glazer is the former Senate staffer who betrayed his trust by 
slipping the "work-for-hire" changes into copyright law, thus 
drastically revising the ownership rights for recorded music without
any responsible legislators realizing what was going on.  
Glazer was rewarded for his betrayal of the Senate's trust with a 
plum position at the RIAA. ))


#51 of 87 by slynne on Mon Oct 15 19:23:09 2001:

Whoa. So they could come onto my PC and search for MP3's even though I 
have never downloaded an MP3 in my life, break my system and then have 
no liability? That doesnt sound too good. 


#52 of 87 by krj on Mon Oct 15 21:28:55 2001:

LA Times story on the same subject, with a tad less outrage:
 
http://www.latimes.com/business/la-000082201oct15.story
 
LA Times also carries a report about Department of Justice antitrust 
invesigators looking at the creation of the authorized music download
systems for the major labels.  I get lost every time I read about anti
trust law, though:
 
http://www.latimes.com/business/la-000082195oct15.story?coll=la%2Dheadlines
%2Dbusiness


#53 of 87 by mcnally on Mon Oct 15 21:30:11 2001:

  Surely if you have nothing to hide.. 

  <whack!>


#54 of 87 by krj on Tue Oct 16 19:06:55 2001:

ZDnet on the RIAA's plan to launch denial of service attacks against
users running file swapping software:
 
http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2818064,00.html?chkpt=zdnnp1t
p01


#55 of 87 by krj on Tue Oct 16 23:04:39 2001:

Forgive me for not clipping in the URL on this one...  there are news 
stories in many sites today suggesting that the Justice Department
antitrust probe against the major labels is heating up, with more 
subpoena-like inquiries flying.  There's also a report that 
European Union antitrust regulators are considering blocking the 
MusicNet and PressPlay services from opening.


#56 of 87 by goose on Thu Oct 18 12:16:30 2001:

Aren't DoS attacks illegal?  Boy the RIAA may have gone over the edge!


#57 of 87 by gull on Thu Oct 18 13:48:58 2001:

Are RIAA DoS attacks the reason the Internet's been so unreliable 
lately? ;>  I've been having trouble getting to just about anything on 
the west coast, and a friend of mine on the west coast is having 
trouble getting anywhere else...


#58 of 87 by krj on Tue Oct 23 19:20:06 2001:

A couple of weblog pointers:
 
http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-7617315.html
"Tech giants pan anti-piracy mandate."  Intel, IBM, Microsoft and Compaq
held a press conference to oppose the SSSCA proposal.

http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1003-200-7612135.html
is mostly about Windows XP and its support (or lack) for MP3 and Windows
Media Audio formats.  It includes the news that InterTrust is suing 
Microsoft, claiming the Digital Rights Management stuff in WMA 
infringes on their patent.  It also reports that WMA copy-prevention 
has been broken by an anoynymous hacker.  No doubt that exploit will
quickly be as criminalized as the DeCSS code, and as effectively.

http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2001/disney.html
This one is so humorous I'm not sure I believe it.  According to the 
underlying story at 
  http://www.newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=01/10/22/1636242&mode=thread
a Disney Channel cartoon portrays a small child's music file trading as 
leading to bankruptcy for her favorite artist, record store and eventually 
to the child being tracked down by the cops.  (Rane and Brighn might 
approve of the storyline, perhaps?)

Supposedly this is an epidsode of "The Proud Family" which aired on 
October 5.  Gumby and Pokey for the modern era.  :)




#59 of 87 by dbratman on Thu Nov 1 00:32:24 2001:

This Napster parody is a couple of years old, but I just found it and 
it's too funny not to pass on:

http://boingboing.net/alifecomics/Alife-020.jpg


#60 of 87 by krj on Sun Nov 4 04:12:04 2001:

The ABC, NBC and CBS television networks are suing to block the 
introduction of Replay TV's new digital TV recorder, the 
ReplayTV 4000.  The networks claim that the new device makes it 
too easy for users to share TV shows over the Internet, and the
networks also claim that the device allows users to painlessly 
skip the all-important commercials which pay for "free" TV.
 
Given the precedent of the Betamax case, I don't see how this 
suit stands a chance; but then, Napster thought it could hide
behind the Betamax precedent as well and that did not work
out.
 
http://www.tvguide.com/techguide/techwatch/
 


#61 of 87 by brighn on Sun Nov 4 16:49:04 2001:

Does ReplayTV's device facilitate such sharing? That is, does it have direct
Internet access hooked into the product, so that anyone, naywhere, can pull
programs directly off my ReplayTV machine, or do I have to transfer the files
to my computer?

I assume it's the latter; if so, then the similarities between this and
Napster are few. Further, Napster included the sharing of items only available
commercially; ABC, CBS, and NBC's programs are available *for free* to anyone
with a TV set and within range of a broadcast antenna. The only added bonus
to on-line trading of programs is that viewers can choose when they watch a
program, but this is equally true of anyone owning a VCR.

So Replay TV will allow people who don't have VCRs or TVs with antennas/cable
to watch programs on those networks. In the United States, it seems to me that
the number of people who don't own VCRs or don't have access to those nets
via the airwaves, but who DO own computers with Internet access, would be very
low. The only "threat" is the international issue, but I'm not sure what role
US courts should really have in that.


#62 of 87 by gull on Mon Nov 5 17:32:29 2001:

Re #61: My understanding is that you can plug the ReplayTV box into an 
internet connection and share files directly.  I could be wrong, that's 
just the impression I got from another article about it.


#63 of 87 by tpryan on Tue Nov 6 03:16:51 2001:

        Maybe a firewire connection?


#64 of 87 by krj on Thu Nov 8 18:21:42 2001:

EFF says it will join in the defense of MusicCity, a company offering
peer-to-peer software which is being sued by the music and movie 
industries.
 
http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2001/eff.html

Real Networks says its legit pay system for downloading encrypted music
users can't do much with will launch within four weeks.
Price plans will be between $9.95 and $19.95 per month.

http://www.washtech.com/news/media/13604-1.html

(this is a Washington Post site.)


#65 of 87 by micklpkl on Wed Nov 14 21:25:36 2001:

There are some reports coming out of the U.K. about the copyright-protection
scheme used on Natalie Imbruglia's newest CD, WHITE LILLIES ISLAND. 

http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/22759.html
http://www.fatchucks.com/corruptcds/z.natalieimbruglia.whitelilliesisland.h
tml


#66 of 87 by micklpkl on Tue Nov 20 17:11:07 2001:

As a follow-up to the Natalie Imbruglia/BMG CD released in the UK with Cactus
Data Shield's copyright-protection scheme:

http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/22917.html

It would seem that, under pressure from consumers and retailers, BMG will be
reissuing the disc without the copy-protection. A letter from Virgin
Megastores' Head Office to a consumer is reprinted here:
http://uk.eurorights.org/lists/ukcdr/2001-November/001068.html



#67 of 87 by krj on Tue Nov 20 20:55:08 2001:

Wow, thanks for this, Mickey.  Cnet also had a good story on it.
This is a big defeat for the major labels.


#68 of 87 by krj on Thu Nov 29 23:10:29 2001:

The copyright industry wins two big cases regarding the DMCA and 
free speech claims against it:
 
http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,48726,00.html
 
In the first case, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals upheld 
a decision prohibiting 2600 Magazine from distributing or linking to 
the DeCSS code.  Only appeal left is to the US Supreme Court.
The Court of Appeals found that the restrictions on speech created by
the DMCA were "content neutral" and thus constitutionally permitted.
 
In the second case, the trial court judge dismissed a lawsuit against
the DMCA by Professor Edward Felten and the EFF; Felten was threatened
with DMCA prosecution for attempting to present an academic paper on a 
"watermarking" scheme.  EFF plans to appeal.


#69 of 87 by krj on Sat Dec 1 00:36:50 2001:

Salon reviews a new book:  "Sonic Boom," by John Alderman.
Subtitle: "Napster, MP3 and the New Pioneers of Music."
 
http://salon.com/tech/books/2001/11/30/sonic_boom/index.html

Quote from the review:
   "In his book, John Alderman remembers attending one of the first 
    online music conferences in the mid-1990s where an industry executive
    declared that the Net should be immediately closed down.  
    Copyright protection had to take precedence over technological 
    innovation.  ...   The music industry has no veto over its future.
    Its lobbyists and lawyers can only slow down the spread of peer-to-peer
    computing."

The review also discusses the concept of the "gift economy" and how it
is "the heart of the Net."

As I read the review, the book author argues that the music industry 
had a very narrow window to try to build a money economy out of the 
sale of music files with some sort of encryption attached; but because
they did not wish to gut their CD sales, they dithered, and the MP3
trading system got too well established.  

-----

The Financial Times of London has an overview essay which will have 
little new to faithful readers of these Grex items:
 
http://news.ft.com/ft/gx.cgi/ftc?pagename=View&c=Article&cid=FT3QP3V2HUC&li
ve=true
"Music Industry Burned By The Blank Generation"
 
The IFPI (international version of the RIAA) says that the number of
illicitly sold CD-Rs now matches the number of legitimate CDs sold.

Younger users are now totally committed to burning CDs and downloading
music for free and they are unlikely to return as paying customers.

Quote:

>  Some hardware manufacturers recognise the "troublesome" 
>  impact their products are having on the record
>  companies. For example, Sony and Philips have agreed not 
>  to make machines able to replicate high-quality
>  super-audio discs (SACDs). This at least means the music 
>  industry can offer a distinct premium product. 
>
>  The IFPI complains that the makers of CD burners do not want 
>  to enter into a debate about their part in the growth
>  of unauthorised copying - just as gun-makers disavow themselves 
>  of responsibility for fatal shootings. 

(((  Please, please, please do not start gun control arguments here.
     Thank you.  )))
 


#70 of 87 by mdw on Sat Dec 1 07:10:04 2001:

Illicitly *sold* CD-R's, or illicitly *copied* music?  So far as I know
most people buy CD-R's perfectly legally, then illegally *copy* the
music.  An even more interesting question, probably also missing from
those statistics, is how much of that represents actual "lost" sales? In
my case, I hope to get around to converting some of my CD's to MP3
format purely for my personal convenience.  That may be technically
illegal (although I think it's "fair use"); it's *certainly* not a lost
sale though - I bought those CD's, fair and square.

In what the record industry would probably argue is the more usual case,
that of someone downloading the MP3 ("for free"), the technology
*breaks* the fundemental assumption of the record industry.  That means
either (a) we somehow break the technology, or (b) the record industry
needs to adapt to the new market realities.  Unfortunately, (a) is
difficult or impossible to do in the long run.  The church, in the
middle ages, tried to get rid of guns when they first came out (another
example of new technology), and we all know how successful they were.
It doesn't sound to me like the record industry is working very hard to
do (b).


#71 of 87 by gull on Sun Dec 2 20:54:58 2001:

Re #68: The Felten lawsuit was dismissed because the companies only 
*threatened* to sue him.  Since they didn't actually sue, the judge 
ruled he has no standing to bring a lawsuit.  (In other words, for the 
case to be valid, he would have had to give the speech and then 
actually get sued, instead of caving.)


#72 of 87 by remmers on Sun Dec 2 22:31:33 2001:

Hm.  I thought "chilling effect" carried some weight with the courts.


#73 of 87 by krj on Tue Dec 4 06:07:22 2001:

Kazaa, the Dutch firm which is part of the Morpheus file-trading 
system, has been ordered by a Dutch trial court
"to stop providing free music over the 
Internet."  It's unclear to me if that's even possible; I remain 
unclear on the Morpheus architecture, and I suspect that Kazaa
is not capable of disabling the software already distributed.
 
http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/ap/20011130/tc/netherlands_online_music_2.html

The mp3newswire.net story seems to agree that Kazaa has been ordered
to stop users who it has no control over:

http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/2001/funeral.htmlhttp://www.mp3newswire.
net/stories/2001/funeral.html

I'm fuzzy on the details here, the stories are not very good.


#74 of 87 by krj on Tue Dec 4 06:18:29 2001:

Here's the Slashdot article on Kazaa, which points to The Register:

http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/11/30/0537210&mode=thread
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/23107.html


#75 of 87 by krj on Tue Dec 4 06:43:12 2001:

(The Slashdot coverage has a bit more on the network architecture, if 
you dig down through the responses.)


#76 of 87 by krj on Tue Dec 4 20:39:11 2001:

Marcus in resp:70 :: the phrasing of the Financial Times article was 
a little difficult to parse, but on closer reading I think the 
IFPI is arguing that half of all blank CD-R production, estimated
at 4.8 billion discs for 2001, ends up being used for music.

From the IFPI's perspective, discs copied and sold in the great 
pirate bazaars of Asia are no different than the home-made copies 
made in the west; the article flows pretty freely between home copying
and commercial piracy for profit.

-----

News reports almost everywhere that Real Network was supposed to take
their MusicNet system for legitimate music downloads online today.


#77 of 87 by krj on Tue Dec 11 04:08:56 2001:

Stanford law professor Lawrence Lessig on how current trends in 
copyright law are a threat to culture and to technological 
innovation:

http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,48625,00.html
"Why Copyright Laws Hurt Culture"

Rane will love it.  :)

(As a related digression: I've had a friend argue recently that the 
DMCA's ban on reverse engineering, if it was in force in the early 1980s, 
would have killed the development of the PC industry by prohibiting 
the reverse-engineering of the BIOS which was required to create 
low-cost industry-standard PCs.  Thoughts?)

----------

The LA Times reports that numerous artists are having their lawyers 
attack the record industry's legitimate download service MusicNet.

http://www.latimes.com/business/la-000098124dec10.story

The artists in question think the record business is running over 
their rights, much as the record companies claim to have been 
treated by Napster and its successors.

((krj note: once again, more evidence that nothing is going to happen
in the legally-sanctioned online music sales arena until Congress 
sets mechanical royalties, as they did in the radio and record era
many years ago.))



#78 of 87 by gull on Tue Dec 11 04:20:41 2001:

Re #77: I think it'd be a stretch to call the BIOS a copy-protection 
technology.


#79 of 87 by mcnally on Tue Dec 11 15:02:42 2001:

  Facetious or not, it's the sort of thing the DMCA *was* designed to
  prevent..


#80 of 87 by krj on Tue Dec 18 06:30:54 2001:

Not directly related to Napster or related subjects, but: 
http://www.newmediamusic.com, a web site which I have referred 
to frequently in these items, has closed up shop.  The web site
is still there, frozen as of mid-November.  
 
NewMediaMusic wanted to be a trade journal for the next round 
of evolution in the music business.  While they were critical of 
Napster and similar systems for their lack of respect for copyrights, 
NMM's editors also tried to take a stick to the major music companies
for sticking their heads in the sand and overlooking what their
customers clearly wanted.   Sometimes their essays seemed utterly 
brilliant, and other times they just seemed to be blowing smoke.

But they were a fun journal, and I will miss them.
 
----------

We knew that mp3.com had been bought by Vivendi Universal, the world's
largest music company, some months back.  I think Vivendi just finished
digesting its purchase.  The http://www.mp3.com/news pages, usually 
pointers  to a lively mix of rubbish and hype and good articles, have 
been frozen for four days.  The mp3.com front page is now promoting
major label R&B artist Toni Braxton. I guess we'll see where 
it goes from here.   (In their continuing attempt to devour
the entire media universe, Vivendi just bought the USA family of 
cable TV networks, including the SciFi channel.)

----------

Salon has a couple of freebies; I don't read them as much as I used to 
since most of the content is now for subscribers only.
 
http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/12/13/college_webcast/index.html?x
"Why College Radio Fears the DMCA"
 
The DMCA created a new performance right which Internet radio stations
are to start paying for, a right which over-the-air stations don't 
have to worry about.   The sample station, a college non-profit, 
currently pays $623/year in songwriting royalties but would pay 
$10,000-$20,000/year if the record industry has its way. 
 
KRJ's interpretation, as noted before: the new digital performance
rights means that there will be no small webcast operations, and 
indeed there may not be any webcast operations at all other than 
those owned by the record industry, which can pay itself for its
own rights.

http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/12/18/dont_steal_music/index.html
"Don't Steal Music, Pretty Please"

I'm not sure I agree with this one.  The author argues that the music 
industry is coming to terms with the rise of the MP3 file and that all 
the anti-MP3 combat is just a delaying action while the biz figures
out what their cash flow model will be.  


#81 of 87 by krj on Tue Dec 18 22:43:51 2001:

http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,49201,00.html

Declan McCullagh quotes Jack Valenti of the MPAA.  Valenti says flatly
that if the electronics industry does not voluntarily implement the 
SSSCA, Congress will move next year to enact the legislation
requiring anticopying systems in all consumer electronics.


#82 of 87 by krj on Wed Dec 19 14:45:39 2001:

Universal Music Group launches their Pressplay service for 
legitimate, tightly-controlled downloadable music files.
The article includes pricing information.  Pressplay allows you 
to burn a sharply limited number of files to CD (in what format?)
if you buy one of the pricier subscriptions.   But downloading to 
those very popular portable MP3 players is not allowed.

http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-8222920.html?tag=mn_hd

Universal has also distributed a copy-prevented CD in the US.
The disc is the soundtrack for the movie "The Fast and the Furious."
Universal is using the Midbar Technology "Cactus Data Shield," 
which attempts to prevent the CD audio from being played on any
computer.  The disc also includes a digital audio player which 
allows controlled playing of MP3-like versions of the songs on 
a computer; however, these MP3-like files will not play in the 
common media players, and this is a Windows-only proposition.

http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-8225543.html?tag=mn_hd


#83 of 87 by krj on Wed Dec 19 14:54:03 2001:

Pressplay is offering a 14-day free trial if anyone is feeling adventurous.
http://www.pressplay.com


#84 of 87 by krj on Wed Dec 19 23:16:56 2001:

A good, fairly neutral & non-technical article on the Universal Music
Group introduction of copy prevention was pointed to by Slashdot:
 
http://www.siliconvalley.com/docs/news/svfront/cd121701.htm

The article reminds me that the "Cactus Data Shield" discs are 
supposed to fail in the new dual-purpose DVD/CD machines, which 
were reviewed in a big roundup in Consumer Reports.  Uh-oh...


#85 of 87 by tpryan on Thu Dec 20 19:15:05 2001:

re 84           Since those are likely to have digital outputs?


#86 of 87 by krj on Sat Jan 5 21:54:42 2002:

View "hidden" response.



#87 of 87 by krj on Sat Jan 5 21:56:16 2002:

(oops, Agora rolled, time to start another one of these linked items...)


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