Grex Music2 Conference

Item 101: The Demise of Classical Music Radio, and Other Radio Complaints

Entered by krj on Mon Nov 24 16:15:01 1997:

This seems to be a thread that won't stop, so I decided to give it its 
own home, even though it is old news by now.
 
For those who joined us late:  WQRS-FM, Detroit's commercial classical
music station, converted to a rock format late last week.
 
Previous ranting can be found in the Music conference's Radio item, 
response #77 --   resp:music,25,77 for you Backtalkers  --
and in the "I'm Bummed, Man" item in Agora, beginning at response #345 --
resp:agora,6,345  
 
I'll stick in some of the most recent discussion from Agora for 
seed material...
 
-----

#361 of 370: by Autolycus (rogue) on Sun, Nov 23, 1997 (18:44):
 Why would they care about protest letters? They were not getting the 
 audiences advertisers want. 
 
 "I'm a classical music fan. I listened to WQRS. Put classical back on the 
 air or I will boycott your new rock format station." Compelling...

#364 of 370: by Steve Gibbard (scg) on Sun, Nov 23, 1997 (23:23):
 How do radio stations figure out how many listeners they have?  Protest
 letters may make them aware of listeners they didn't know about.  OTOH, it
 may do nothing.
 
 As far as I can tell WQRS's new format is just trying to clone some of the
 other successful radio stations in the area.  I imagine it may be a tough 
 sell to get people to switch to them, or at least to get people to stay 
 with them during commercials when they can just flip to another 
 identical station.

#366 of 370: by Rane Curl (rcurl) on Mon, Nov 24, 1997 (00:24):
 Apparently WQRS thinks they will be "different" by having some nuance of
 difference in the rock they sell - like the differences between granite,
 diorite, gabbro, rather than the differences between limestone, shale
 or sandstone.


#367 of 370: by Patrick Gibson (gibson) on Mon, Nov 24, 1997 (01:12):
        rane is that written in stone?

#368 of 370: by Leslie Smith (arabella) on Mon, Nov 24, 1997 (01:48):
 The company that bought WQRS also recently performed the same 
 stupid manoeuvre on Philadelphia's former commercial classical
 station, WFLN.  My mother is crushed (she lives in Philly).
 The local NPR station, which used to broadcast a lot of classical,
 has swept all that away in favor of nationally syndicated talk
 shows, much like WUOM here in Ann Arbor.  Basically, radio sucks,
 and continues to suck even worse as we lose what few interesting
 and individualized stations we used to listen to.
107 responses total.

#1 of 107 by krj on Mon Nov 24 16:19:22 1997:

((( more late responses from Agora -- krj )))
 
#369 of 372: by Mike McNally (mcnally) on Mon, Nov 24, 1997 (02:33):
  re #361:  You're correct that they probably don't care a lot about the
  loss of a small number of vocal listeners compared to the audience they
  seem to think they'll pick up but one hopes, at least, that a lot of
  pissed off music fans could have a say when it comes time for FCC license
  renewal.

#370 of 372: by No en tu mano! (omni) on Mon, Nov 24, 1997 (10:41):
   Actually, public comment doesn't have a factor in radio station
 re-licensing. That's reserved for TV stations.

#371 of 372: by Autolycus (rogue) on Mon, Nov 24, 1997 (11:13):
 #364: They figure out number and type of listeners via a survey company,
       I believe. Kind of like Nielsen's for TV. With regards to cloning
       other successful radio stations: 20% of 1,000,000 rock listeners
       is more than 80% of 100,000 classical music listeners. Add to that
       the age of the listeners and it makes sense.
 
 #369: Vocal listeners don't buy any more of the advertisers' products than
       non-vocal listeners. Vocal listeners don't show up any more on the
       ratings than non-vocal listeners. Vocal listeners in this case are 
       simply people complaining about what has happened after the fact. 
       They have little or no leverage financially or politically. 
 
 If a classical station makes a lot of *business* sense, people should start
 one. It would be the only one around. 


#2 of 107 by krj on Mon Nov 24 16:20:34 1997:

(((  Agora #105 is now linked to Music #101.  )))


#3 of 107 by krj on Mon Nov 24 16:30:55 1997:

People might *want* to start a classical music station.  According to the 
Detroit Free Press' initial article on the WQRS conversion, 
the classical station was making about $2 million a year in profit, and 
had the #12 audience share in the Detroit radio market.  (From memory, 
but I think those numbers are correct.)
 
However, if I were to get together with a few like-minded listeners and 
open a classical radio station, men with guns would come to shut me down...


#4 of 107 by rogue on Mon Nov 24 16:43:34 1997:

I believe I read the same article you did. I don't believe it was clear that
it was making $2 million in net profit.


#5 of 107 by mcnally on Mon Nov 24 17:15:39 1997:

  You don't address what I think is Ken's more significant point, which
  is that radio broadcasting is not a free market that anyone can enter
  at will and test the strength or weakness of the product they offer.
  Instead it's restricted, by the laws of physics and the regulations of
  the FCC, to a relatively small number of competitors who operate with
  the blessing of the federal government.



#6 of 107 by dadroc on Mon Nov 24 17:36:36 1997:

Modern radio is slave to the drive time commercials. Sound like time to start
a public radio station.


#7 of 107 by orinoco on Mon Nov 24 17:53:23 1997:

Re#6:  What mcnally said.


#8 of 107 by danr on Mon Nov 24 18:51:40 1997:

What's interesting to me is that with all the talk of how media is
becoming (or has the potential to become) more personalized, almost
the opposite is happening.  The economics seem to be driving it to
become more "mass-oriented" than ever before.

Having said that, it seems that people really don't want classical
music. WUOM is the best example of this.  After changing their format
from mostly classical music to mostly news and talk, the amount of 
money pledged to the station increased dramatically.  They set another
new record during their fall pledge drive with recently ended.

If there are enough people to support a classical music station, someone
will figure that out sooner or later, buy a station, and make some
money at it.


#9 of 107 by rogue on Mon Nov 24 19:40:54 1997:

#5: And those people are motivated by greed and fear (those two evil words
    again) and will do whatever is most profitable for them, including 
    selling their station to people who want to broadcast classical music.
    Look -- if the station was making $2 million a year, you can buy a
    station for, say, $5 million, spend another million on miscellaneous
    stuff and have a return on investment of 33% a year, assuming no
    debt. That is a huge return. If you leverage the deal with debt, you 
    can increase your ROI even more. You don't have to start one from 
    scratch.

    Just because the bandwidth is regulated it does not mean it is not a 
    free market. There are barriers to entry but they are not overwhelming.
    A plant to manufacture memory chips costs over $1 billion. The cost of
    developing the next Intel chip is going to be about $10 billion. Those
    are severe barriers to entry.
 
    PS: I don't think WQRS was making $2 million a year in net profits.

#8: The question is not "whether or not I can make money with a classical
    music station" but "whether I can make more money with a classical
    music or rock music station?" If you can make $1 million a year with
    a classical music station and $3 million a year with a rock music
    station, which would you run? 


#10 of 107 by krj on Mon Nov 24 19:55:21 1997:

This is from the November 17th Free Press article.  My copy is 
from their web site:

"The station reportedly turned a $2-million profit in its first year 
under Greater Media.  (((that would be 1996, I think -- krj)))
However, Steve Schram, vice president and general manager of WNIC, 
termed that as 'just not that much' for an FM station with a 
powerful signal in what is currently the country's 11th-largest ^U
radio market based on ad revenue.

"In the October Arbitrend rating, the station had a 2.2 rating, down
from a 2.4 in September, in listeners age 12 and over.  The station 
drew a high-income, well-educated but older audience and ranked only
18th in Detroit's very competitive radio market."

I think that article also sums up the motivation for the format 
change:  the new format at WQRS is to "complement other Detroit 
properties owned by Greater Media, a New Jersey-based broadcast
group -- album rock WRIF-FM (101.1) and classic rocker WCSX-FM (94.7)."

So Greater Media can now to go Anheuser Busch or the Michigan Lottery
and say, "We can sell you a comprehensive ad package, with a classic 
rock station, an alternative station, and a hard-rock station."
 
The listeners?  Screw the listeners.  They only exist to buy beer.


#11 of 107 by krj on Mon Nov 24 20:05:39 1997:

Rogue slipped in with #9.  The barriers to entry seem pretty 
overwhelming to me, given that they are completely unrelated to the 
inherent cost of operating a radio station.  Witness the recurring
issue of pirate radio stations, run out of a van somewhere.  
The inherent cost of entering the radio market is peanuts -- probably 
a few thousand dollars, if that.  But the price of that government 
license is in the millions, many orders of magnitude more.



#12 of 107 by mta on Mon Nov 24 20:09:45 1997:

re: resp:9 part#8 -- which you would run probably depends entirely on your
motivation.  If you're doing it for the money, you'll go with the higher
earner.  If your doing it for the love of the music, then you'll go with the
format that pleases you as long as the gross profits are acceptable to keeping
the station going.


#13 of 107 by richard on Mon Nov 24 22:43:59 1997:

we have plenty of classical radio stations in NYC...

back in Georgia in my hometown, the biggest outcry over a format switch
was when the local country station switched to a 24-hour Elvis Presley
format.  (Im not making that up...it became all Elvis and Elvis covers
all the time...on christmas they played Elvis singing christmas carols
for 24 hours!)  They stuck with the all Elvis format for two years
until the station changed ownership and went to top 40 rock.  I hear
its back to country again now though.


#14 of 107 by danr on Mon Nov 24 23:00:44 1997:

re #9: You're assuming that he can make $3 million with a rock format.
That's yet to be determined.  It's already a pretty crowded market.


#15 of 107 by rogue on Mon Nov 24 23:06:10 1997:

#10: I hate to state the obvious, but advertisers do see the listeners'
     only as consumers, of beer or whatever. Remember the golden rule:
     Those who have the gold make the rules. The advertisers have the gold
     in this case and they make the rules.

#11: Assuming the bandwidth for radio is limited (probably an accurate
     assumption), someone has to regulate it. Because the bandwidth is 
     limited, it is valuable to businesses. You seem to harbor some 
    bitterness towards the government for making money from the licensing
     of the bandwidth. Would you rather have anarchy on the radio waves?
     Seeking rents from this licensing is only reasonable -- as a matter
     of fact, if the government gave bandwidth away, the same liberals
     bitching about barriers to entry would be bitching about how the
     government is subsidizing corporations by giving away bandwidth -- owned
     by "everyone" -- for free (very legitimate argument). Do you have
     an idea what you are talking about?

#12: You just don't get it. If Mother Theresa were running a charity in
     Calcutta, only a fool would ask her if she's making a profit or 
     what the return on investment is. If a corporation were running a
     for-profit radio station in Detroit, only a fool would bring up the
     issue of "love of music" when talking about major decision making.
     We know what Mother Teresa's motivation is; We need not question it.
     We know what a corporation's motivation is; We need not question it.
     


#16 of 107 by anderyn on Tue Nov 25 00:21:06 1997:

But if I as an individual  or as part of a consortium of individuals bougth
the radio station (which could happen), then my motivations would not
necessarily be to make pots of money. It would be to get the music I liked
out there (I've always wanted an all-folk statin, but I'd share with the 
classical-lovers out there) and to make enough to make running the station
reasonably profitable.


#17 of 107 by scg on Tue Nov 25 04:43:08 1997:

Hmm... I work for a for-profit corporation.  I also do stuff I enjoy.  There
are probably other businesses where I could make more money, but I wouldn't
find it as interesting.  Certainly some companies do whatever they have to
do to maximize profits, regardless of whether it's what they like doing. 
Other people or companies can have different motivations, or overlapping
motivations.

I don't deny that in most businesses, as long as there is nothing harmful
about what a company is doing, they should probably allowed to do what they
want, or what will bring in the most profit.  I see radio as somewhat
different because it is a scarce resource, limited to those with government
licenses, and there is a finite amount of licenses.  It may well be that the
most money can be made by having all the radio stations havin gan almost
identical format, but in radio licensing the government should also be taking
the greater public good into account, and mandating some variety.


#18 of 107 by danr on Tue Nov 25 13:32:36 1997:

You know, I love polka music, and aside from a segment or two on "A
Prairie Home Companion" you just don't hear it on the radio anymore.
I think the FCC should mandate that each station carry a one-hour 
show of polka music per day.

OK, OK. It's a bit of an exaggeration, but I think I made my point.

re #15: If you reduce everything to money, Jemmie, you must live a
pretty dreary existence.  

It used to be that the government awarded radio-frequency bandwidth on 
the basis of what would promote the most public good, not what would 
bring in the most money. While these two goals are not mutually
exclusive, I'm not so sure that the recent bandwidth auctions have
promoted the public good.


#19 of 107 by mcnally on Tue Nov 25 14:42:49 1997:

 re #9:

 > Just because the bandwidth is regulated it does not mean it is not a 
 > free market. There are barriers to entry but they are not overwhelming.

  Umm..  Sure.  I'll just get together a bunch of friends, we'll pool
  our and buy a transmitter and start broadcasting, then..  And when the
  FCC comes to shut us down because all of the broadcasting licenses in
  this area are already allotted and no more competitors are allowed to
  enter the market I'll just explain to them that Jemmie said it was OK.
  Why do I get the idea that Jemmie's idea of a "free market" is one that's
  free to operate the way he likes?

 > A plant to manufacture memory chips costs over $1 billion. The cost of
 > developing the next Intel chip is going to be about $10 billion. Those
 > are severe barriers to entry.

  Yes, and if I had $1 billion dollars I could presumably build a chip
  fabricating plant.  However, a billion dollars wouldn't guarantee me a
  radio station in Detroit unless someone else agreed to sell their license.
  If the other owners were all billionaires who wanted to keep their radio
  stations the government wouldn't let me broadcast, period.  Surely you
  can see the difference?

 re #15: 
 > Remember the golden rule: Those who have the gold make the rules.
 > The advertisers have the gold in this case and they make the rules.

  Last time I checked we were not yet *officially* living in a
  plutocracy.  According to my admittedly naive notions of government
  the public is supposed to have some say in how broadcast spectrum,
  which has been deemed to be public property (and rather valuable
  property, at that..) is put to use.  The people, or their representatives,
  make the rules.  If enough of the people believe that radio licenses
  should be allotted for reasons other than strictly financial then that
  should be the way that it's done.


#20 of 107 by rogue on Tue Nov 25 14:47:26 1997:

#16: TS said they paid $33 million for the station, and overpaid. Let's say
     fair market value is $25 million and you invested $1 million in the
     venture. Considering that the S&P 500 ("stock market") has increased
     in value about 10% a year on average this century, if the station is
     not making $2.5 million a year, you will probably be upset. Considering
     that the economy is booming and the S&P 500 has gone up an average of
     16% over the past 5 years, that is a very conservative value. People
     who do not have money coming out of their assholes do not invest 
     $1 million to hear music they like. 

#18: I don't reduce "everything" to money but when you are talking about
     business decisions -- especially ones where there is a $33 million 
     investment -- it must come down to money. 

#17: Who sets the agenda? Why don't I hear Peking Opera on the radio? 
     What about other ethnic music? 


#21 of 107 by rogue on Tue Nov 25 14:52:35 1997:

#19: You can't operate a bar with licensing. Are bars not "free market"? 
     Is any industry that is not regulated not a "free market"? Do you know
     what a "free market" is?

     $1 billion would not guarantee you a bar. You still have to jump 
     through hoops. Again, do you know what a "free market" is?

     The people have the ultimate say in how the broadcast spectrum is
     used -- they vote with their ears and they vote with their wallets. 
     That's obviously not good enough for you because the Nanny State knows
     better, right?

(First paragraph should say, "Is any industry that is regulated not a 
 "free market"?)


#22 of 107 by mta on Tue Nov 25 17:26:26 1997:

s'okay Jemmie.  Sometimes I think you don't get it, too.  ;)

You say that people who aren't wallowing in money don't make major investments
That's simply not true.I doubt anyone expected to make a profit on their loans
and donations to help get the infant grex started, for instance.  (For that
matter, I have the impressions that several people were never fully reimbursed
for their initial loans to the founding fund.  Most of them eventually decided
to just consider the money a donation after a while.

OK, grex didn't cost anyone a several billion dollar investment -- but
relative to our incomes it was still a lot of money. Everyone contributed what
they could afford not out of a profit motive but out of a love for public
access computer conferencing and a desire to promote free access to
information.I don't think that puts the founders in the league of a Mother
Theresa.  Far from it.

But money is simply not a motivating factor to some people as long as the cash
is there to provide for the basics. (For instance a project brings in enough
not to become an unmanageable financial burden, whether the project be a radio
station or a computer conferncing system)

Actually, there are a number of not for profit radio stations across the
country (aside from NPR/PRI stations) that are run by volunteers who have
other days jobs and are supported by listener subscriptions.Those stations
are the radio equivalents of grex.  Not everyone who listens contributes --
but enough do to keep the stations on the air and the volunteers are donating
time and skills out of a love for what they're contributing.  


#23 of 107 by krj on Tue Nov 25 17:27:38 1997:

(Digression: are you really a Chinese opera fan, rogue?  
 If so, please come write something about it for the music conference
 or the Classical music conference some time...)

I guess we'll just have to agree to disagree on what a barrier to entry
is.  Inherently, radio is a business which can be run by high school 
student, or run out of the back of a truck.  A government license which
has to be purchased for $20-$30 million seems like a huge barrier to me,
relative to the normal cost of operation.  Last I heard, liquor 
licenses were generally priced in the tens of thousands of dollars, 
which is not an amount exorbitant to the cost of operating the 
business.

When you write:  "The people have the ultimate say in how the broadcast
spectrum is used -- they vote with their ears and they vote with 
their wallets" well, I have to disagree there.  The ADVERTISERS have 
the ultimate say in how the spectrum is used, and to the advertisers,
some ears are more equal than others.
 
I am not the customer of radio.  I can't go buy the radio programming 
I want -- the closest I can get is to give money to the local 
public radio station.  

WQRS had plenty of listeners -- it was quite a profitable station.
Free market theory claims that all profitable projects will be 
done; yet here, a profitable business was destroyed and its 
listeners -- and its customers too, because WQRS had advertisers
who are unlikely to follow to the new format -- were discarded 
as worthless.  What's wrong here?

(Nothing is wrong, says Dr. Rogue Pangloss!  This is the best of 
all possible worlds!!  :)    )

So, yes, Rogue, I do believe there is a role for Nanny State to 
play in the allocation of radio, at least until the next-generation
digital radio service, which may allow many more players, comes 
into production.


#24 of 107 by nsiddall on Tue Nov 25 18:17:47 1997:

Hey, it's silly to demean poor Jemmie because he talks about economics. 
That's like telling someone who understands physics, you must have a dreary
life because you reduce everything to the law of gravity.  Money and economics
are just tools to analyse and organize our lives.  They don't tell us what
we have to do; they don't keep us from appreciating music, falling in
love...having the same passions and feelings as self-satisfied ignorant people
who proudly proclaim they don't "care" about economics.

I don't know anything about the radio business, or have any strong feelings
about what public policy should be...but it does seem entirely possible that
the station management made a mistake.  Not even Jemmie would claim that
business people are infallible.


#25 of 107 by rogue on Tue Nov 25 18:41:16 1997:

#22: Grex is not a for-profit enterprise -- note that in my messages I used
     the phrase "for-profit corporation" many times. You cannot compare Grex
     to a radio station a corporation paid $33 million for. They have 
     different goals. Judging the corporation's actions with the goals of
     Grex is as pointless as judging Grex's actions with the goals of a 
     for-profit corporation. That is the point.

#23: I am not a Chinese opera fan. I don't like it. :-)

     Free market states that participants want to *maximize* profits, not 
     that "all profitable projects will be done." One of the calculations for
     whether a project is worth doing is the standard NPV (Net Present Value)
     calculation. It's rather simple but a key number included is the
     *cost of capital*. Cost of capital tends to increase as profitable
     opportunities increase. An 8% ROI in one decade may be acceptable while
     at least a 15% ROI (Return on Investment) is demanded in another decade,
     depending on the economy.
 
     $1 million a year profit for a $33 million investment is not good -- 
     the corporation/individual could have purchased mutual funds and got
     about 20%, or $6.5 million last year. And that's at a lower tax rate
     because capital gains is taxed lower than profits. 

#24: When analyzing business decisions, one must primarily use money as a 
     scorecard. This is why I brought up the Mother Teresa example -- when
     analyzing charitible organization, one cannot use profit as a 
     scorecard.

     I did not say the station made a good decision. What I am pointing out
     is that a small piece of a big pie may be bigger than an entire small
     pie. If it is, then it is only in the interest of the for-profit 
     corporation to go after the small piece of a big pie. Music is a 
     product.


#26 of 107 by tao on Tue Nov 25 18:46:27 1997:

We respect Jemmie, even when his ideas seem disagreeable to some of
us.  

Anyway, on to the debate:  I have to agree with Jemmie's take on how
the radio market works.  

So, support Public Radio.  These stations need donations to survive,
and most $$ comes from listeners (with some $ chipped in by those
businesses that offer matching funds if their employes donate).

Those who have the gold make the rules.  In Public Radio, listeners
have a lot more clout because they're a major revenue source.  So
call in during a pledge drive, and offer some $.  You'll probably
be asked which programs you like best (I was, when I called WUOM).
That's an opportunity to make a pitch for more classical music
(or whatever else you prefer).

Public Radio cares about what listeners think of various types
of programming -- enough, at least, to hire market researchers
who conduct test-audience surveys.  I participated in one of
these a few months back.  They gave us questionnaires with 
essay portions.  They played excerpts of stories of all sorts,
and asked us what we liked best and least about them.  They
asked us about what times of day we'd listen, if we'd listen,
etc.

Forget commercial radio.  


#27 of 107 by tao on Tue Nov 25 18:46:56 1997:

(Jemmie slipped in.)


#28 of 107 by goose on Tue Nov 25 19:40:55 1997:

I have a lot more respect and understanding of Jemmie now that I
read #26.  


#29 of 107 by krj on Tue Nov 25 19:47:46 1997:

Public radio, in rogue's model, is a terribly inefficient waste of 
resources.  Those public radio licenses, which were given away for 
free, should be auctioned off to the highest bidder.
 
I would argue instead that perhaps we need additional public radio 
licenses.
 
-----

Back to rogue in #25, where he argues that a $1 million return on a 
$33 mil investment isn't very good performance.  I won't disagree with 
that.  However, let's look at what that investment really consists of.
My guess is that the physical assets of WQRS would be under $5 million
-- offices, studios, transmitter.  That's just a guess.  The value of 
WQRS as an ongoing business -- well, it can't be too high, because 
the owner just threw it away.  So that leaves $28 million as the 
value of the government license.    You can tweak that figure up or 
down, it doesn't affect my argument.

But the government license can only be worth $28 million because there 
are such a limited number of them!  Essentially, we have had an 
ever-increasing pot of money bidding up the price on a finite supply 
of licenses -- the license, of course, being a government artifact.
 
If we were dealing with a "normal" commodity, the pot of money would have
gone into capital investments to produce "more" radio.  
Instead of spending $33 mil to buy a business whose tangible assets 
are $5 mil, producing revenue of $1 mil, General Media would have gone 
off and built a station from scratch; QRS would still be broadcasting 
classical music; we would not be having this friendly argument.

As for "all profitable projects," all I can say is that we had different
economics teachers.  "All profitable projects will be done" falls directly
out of the definition that entry into the market is easy.  If General 
Media stops broadcasting classical music while it is still a 
profitable business, someone else steps into that market niche.  
But it's not a free market; there's that damn $28 million
license, price derived above.  But on this point it seems we have no 
common ground.


#30 of 107 by tsty on Wed Nov 26 19:46:29 1997:

<<asked to move the following into here>>
  
by TS Taylor (tsty) on Mon, Nov 24, 1997 (18:10):
 ummm, actually, after a little research and readinghte newspapers
 and seeing some other stuff on line, it seems the new owners
 actually had a net profit slightly in excess of $1,000,000 for
 last year. ahhh, geee.

 however, in their greedy gobble to own a detroit radio property,
 they *vastly* overpaid ( ~$33 mil ) for the pleasure and decided
 that after their VeryBadPurchasePrice ...they were going to
 compoiund the error witha VeryBad&HorridProgramming change.

 which is *typical* idiocy when jerks with no knowledge of some
 industry get a buncha bucks and throw it wildly around trying to
 make a killing.

 whoever owned wqrs before reeeeeal saw the new owners coming from
 a mile away.

 the losers are *both* the new owners and the wide listening
 audience that DID generate over ~$1,000,000 in profit for them.

 takes quite an audience to generate a million bucks, even if

 you are the only game in town.

 and then to precipitously dive into a rock-solid-established (pun      
intended) segment ofhte  music market that has held sway in
 detroit & environs for 30 years (did i mention experience before?)
 is tantamount to hari kari.

 i hope whomever owns wqrs is a privatley held company so no
 stockholders get their asses fried by these dolts.

 oh, someday i'll tell ya what i really think. <g>.
--------
  
following on this a little, one mis-perception is that the *station*
had/has the value. it is the *license* that has the value.
  
apparently the license was sold in reference to the market value
of a generic fm license in the 6th largest radio market, blah, blah, etc.
  
while taht may be true ..... and while there *ought* to be a market
value return on investment, radio (media in general) carves up 
the profits a little differently based on competiton in musical
niches. 
  
like a buncha grocery stores where 4-5 sell only fresh veggies, adn
8-9 sell only meat and 1 store sells desserts!
 
we just lost our dessert store adn the meat sellers are gonna
chew up teh new entry bigtime, imo.


#31 of 107 by rogue on Wed Nov 26 20:37:45 1997:

#26: Public radio is good. People who want to hear their stuff can contribute
     to public radio and use their weight there.

#28: She didn't say anything I didn't already say. The business world has
     different goals and plays by a different set of rules than what a lot
     of Ann Arborites (computer geeks, academics, visionaries, wanderers,
     hobos, etc.) are used to. It's hard to accept but it is reality.

#29: This is an interesting discussion. There are several issues of note:

1) With regards to doing "all profitable projects." I hope your economics
   instructor also taught that the only true scarce skill is entrepreneurial
   ability -- for economics sakes, all other skills are commodities. 
   Entrepreneurial ability is finite because time is finite and there are a
   finite number of people; It is impossible to do "all profitable projects."
   You probably are not familiar with NPV calculations because they are 
   financial rather than economic calculations, but they are simple 
   calculations used to determine whether a project is a "profitable" one or
   not. A *very* important number in that calculation is "cost of capital."
   In other words, if I get get 25% return/year in a mutual fund, a 
   project that returns 15% is *not* profitable. In your definition, you do
   not take cost of capital into account. There are an infinite number of
   "profitable" projects by your definition but using the financial/economic
   definition, there more profitable projects there are, the greater that
   "cost of capital" number becomes -- the benchmark increases. One of the
   greatest errors made by non-professionals in doing profitability 
   calculations is their failure to take into account the complete 
   opportunity cost (or cost of capital).

2) I don't know if more radio licenses can be issued. I do not know all the
   reasons why they are not if they can be -- I can think of a couple of 
   reasons. I am not sure how much the radio license is worth, but $28 
   million seems high. Not all of the price outside of tangible assets can 
   be attributed to the cost of the license. 
 
   There are classical music stations all over the country. There are none
   in Detroit. Why attribute this to the evil FCC or evil capitalists? Why
   can't it simply be because there is not enough interest in SE Michigan?

#30: Where your analogy fails is that desert buyers will bid up the price of
     deserts to the point if supply is reduced; Classical music listeners will
     not buy any more or less products from the advertiser of the station 
     they are listening to whether there is 1 or 100 stations. That is the
     problem.
 
     The Chinese bakery store in Ann Arbor charges much higher prices than
     the one in Windsor, but has much fewer clients. The classical music
     station cannot charge advertisers more for advertising if the number
     of listeners decrease -- there is no cause-and-effect relationship 
     there (as a matter of fact, the opposite is true). 


#32 of 107 by lumen on Sun Nov 30 09:48:24 1997:

What a discussion-- but I'm not sure I understand it all.  No, no-- don't
explain it again! :)  I surf through radio like I do TV-- can't wait to get
a cassette deck or a CD player in my car so I will have something decent to
listen to _all_ the time..


#33 of 107 by void on Mon Dec 1 03:52:32 1997:

   if only cabs had cd or tape players. wqrs was the *only* radio
station i listened to in my cab. now that i know the company which
killed wqrs also owns wcsx, i'm going to be hard put to find something
worth listening to during the 40-60 hours a week i spend driving. this
format change has left me close to heartbroken.


#34 of 107 by rcurl on Mon Dec 1 06:50:12 1997:

How about a portable CD? You can get a little xmitter that will broadcast
it to the (FM) radio in your cab. 


#35 of 107 by void on Mon Dec 1 07:09:06 1997:

   now there's a thought. thanks, rcurl.


#36 of 107 by rogue on Mon Dec 1 20:19:24 1997:

#33: Classical CD's are very inexpensive; Royalties need not be paid to the
     composers. You can get classical CD's for, like, $4 each. You can buy
     ten for $40. I saw the transmitter Rane is talking about for $29.


#37 of 107 by orinoco on Mon Dec 1 21:58:06 1997:

Where have you seen classical CDs for $4?


#38 of 107 by tpryan on Mon Dec 1 23:01:45 1997:

        ?bargain bucket bin at best buy?


#39 of 107 by i on Mon Dec 1 23:43:42 1997:

Naxos label CD's - not the upscale label recordings of pretentious & pricy
orchestras & conductors.  Seems I've seen 'em on a $4.00/CD for 4 or so
several places.  Been a while since i've bought, but that's NEW prices.


#40 of 107 by rcurl on Tue Dec 2 03:26:21 1997:

Re that CD -> FM transmitter I mentioned: mine is a WANO-TECH "fx-100",
runs on 2 AAA batteries, and is about the size of a computer mouse. Its
only drawback is that the tuning is a slotted disk on the bottom, not easy
to tune. This is a nuisance when travelling as one has to choose an FM
frequency on which there is no station, and tune to that - and that keeps
changing as one travels. But for use in one locale this would not be a
problem. Heartland no longer lists these, but Damark's new catalog has an
Arkon unit for $25 (free s/h), Item B-30120-492096 (1-800-729-9000). [I
have no experience with the Arkon brand.]



#41 of 107 by lumen on Tue Dec 2 07:38:49 1997:

The only drawback with an FM transmitter for portable CD or disc changer is
that you *do* limit the sound quality to that of an FM transmission.  If you
don't mind that, great.  Of course, I realize that is probably the best you
can do..


#42 of 107 by mcnally on Tue Dec 2 07:49:42 1997:

  If you're planning on listening to something in a moving car that's
  probably not going to be a big issue compared to the other sound-quality
  problems you're going to have..


#43 of 107 by gull on Tue Dec 2 17:16:21 1997:

Yeah, considering the amount of extraneous noise in a car, there's probably
not that much difference.  I find the high dynamic range of CDs actually
annoying in a vehicle -- you have to keep adjusting the volume to hear the
low volume parts and turning it down so you don't get blasted by the loud
parts.  Some CD players actually can compress the dynamic range to help with
this.

Personally, I dub CDs off to tape.  Then I can keep the tape in the car and
the CD in the house -- and if someone steals the tapes, I'm not out that
much cash.


#44 of 107 by mcnally on Tue Dec 2 17:25:45 1997:

  Let's imagine that you have 20 or so tapes that you have recorded
  to listen to in the car.  If you kept only 4 or 5 CDs in the car at
  any given time you'd be out nearly as much money from the cost of 
  the tapes as you would be from replacing the CDs if they were stolen
  and that's not even accounting for all of the time you spent recording..

  I'm biased against tapes, though, every time I've had a tape player
  in a car it's found some way to break in short order, leaving me without
  any way to play recorded music.  Given my loathing of the local radio
  stations this always seems like some sort of intentional personal
  betrayal..  :-)


#45 of 107 by void on Tue Dec 2 20:54:15 1997:

   thanks again, rcurl. i'll give damark a call. the loss of wqrs does
give me more incentive to build up my classical cd colection, i
suppose. :)


#46 of 107 by void on Tue Dec 2 20:54:40 1997:

   er, "collection."


#47 of 107 by gull on Wed Dec 3 00:15:11 1997:

Re #44:  Well, mostly the point is that it keeps me from constantly having
to shuffle CDs between the house and van.  Otherwise, what I wanted to
listen to would always be in the wrong place. ;)

My vehicle is in the 'noisier than most' category anyhow.


#48 of 107 by orinoco on Thu Dec 4 02:38:56 1997:

I have enough of a problem carting CDs from my room to the ground floor to
the basement and back, and losing half of them in transit. :)


#49 of 107 by goose on Thu Dec 4 17:12:14 1997:

RE#41 -- FM is band limited to 15kHz, if you;ve spent the last several months
of your life driving in a cab, you're probably not able to hear above 15kHz
anyway. .


#50 of 107 by bmoran on Fri Dec 5 15:38:29 1997:

Tonight's 'Midnight Madness' sale in A2, SKR Classical is having the only
sale of the year: 20% off all in stock cds. If you want to stock up on
classical, I guess now's the time to do it.


#51 of 107 by krj on Thu Dec 18 20:51:01 1997:

Today I saw, at a record store, a clipping from the Detroit News indicating
that WJR is going to pick up some classical music programming in its 
non-prime hours, including the Detroit Symphony broadcasts.
 
Here's an item I found on Usenet:   
----------
An active working group dedicated to the establishment of a successor to
WQRS has email access. If you are interested in participating in this
group, please send mail to
                msmiller@umich.edu
If you are outside the WQRS listening area, but wish to be kept informed
of progress, please use the subject heading: WQRS friend
If you are willing to be active in this group (whether now or after
Christmas), please use the subject heading: WQRS worker
If you were a WQRS listener, but don't have time to spare, please do
write, and use the subject heading: WQRS listener

We are assembling an inventory of the listeners. Please let us know
about you, and tell your friends!


#52 of 107 by danr on Thu Dec 18 23:57:18 1997:

Sign me up...


#53 of 107 by mary on Fri Dec 19 00:00:21 1997:

What station is 89.9 FM?  They are doing a nice job with
classical music programming but I never listen long
enough to hear where the signal is originating.  


#54 of 107 by headdoc on Fri Dec 19 01:08:40 1997:

Thank you ken.  I was hoping to do more then complain about the loss of QRS.
I just didn't know where to direct my energies.  I also hoped that if I
waited, someone like you on Grex would help point the way.  I will write and
pass the word.


#55 of 107 by bruin on Fri Dec 19 01:54:40 1997:

RE #53 I believe that 89.9 FM is CBC Radio out of Canada.  Please correct me
if I am wrong.


#56 of 107 by scg on Fri Dec 19 07:13:56 1997:

89.9 is CBEC in Windsor.  Bruin is right that it's a CBC station.
They've got all sorts of weird rules about having lots of Canadian content,
if I remember correctly.


#57 of 107 by tpryan on Sat Dec 20 01:54:13 1997:

        CBC1; the AM station, 1550 I think, might also be one to play
classical in the afternnon drive times.


#58 of 107 by orinoco on Sat Dec 20 04:14:16 1997:

Yeah, there are Canadian content rules, which means Canadian stations play
a whole lot of U2...  I think they had a Canadian producer at one point...


#59 of 107 by raven on Tue Dec 23 17:03:11 1997:

re way back the problem isn't the cost of licsence (they are free) the
problem is that all the radio frequency spectrum has been preallocated
by the FCC.  Also the FCC bans transmitters under 100 watts from operating
on comercial frequencies (i.e. AM and FM) so in practice you have to buy
an existing station if you want to broadcast.  This means a big capital
investment wheich keeps "small players" like stations that would play 
classical or perhaps other interesting content off the air.  My solution
to the problem is to support "pirate radio," and I think a pirate classical
FM station in Ann Arbor would be very cool. <set rant=off>


#60 of 107 by omni on Tue Dec 23 18:51:02 1997:

  I don't think that's practical. The FCC deals out severe penalties and
jail terms and don't think they won't find you. They have a very sophisticated
sniffer van. I've seen it, and you don't want to be on the wrong end of it.


#61 of 107 by carson on Tue Dec 23 23:59:19 1997:

(it looked pretty neat in _Pump Up The Volume_, too.)


#62 of 107 by raven on Wed Dec 24 00:03:51 1997:

Well a) Just because something is illegal doesn't mean you shouldn't do it,
look at the civil rights movement of the 60s laws were broken for the greater
good.  There are dozens of pirate radio station operating right now that the
FCC is doing didley about. b) That may all be changing a Federal judge in
I beleive Miami ruled recently that the severity of FCC was an unconstitutional
restriction of 1st amendement rights to free speech.  <Now back to your
item on the demise of classical programming on the radio>


#63 of 107 by orinoco on Wed Dec 24 03:44:34 1997:

'pirate radio' meaning what, exactly?


#64 of 107 by aruba on Wed Dec 24 06:23:34 1997:

Radio stations which operate without a license from the FCC, I believe.

It seems to me there are some good reasons why the FCC sells licenses; it
keeps two stations from broadcasting on the same frequency and running over
each other.  If the FCC didn't step in, the strong stations would bully the
weak staions off the air, right?  I guess you could argue that the license
system amounts to the same thing - the rich stations can afford to be on the 
air and the weak ones can't.

The license system is like Roberts Rules of Order for radio.  :)


#65 of 107 by orinoco on Wed Dec 24 18:12:28 1997:

Is it just me, or would that be impossible to do surreptitiously?


#66 of 107 by lumen on Fri Dec 26 02:00:57 1997:

I need a dictionary..surreptitiously?


#67 of 107 by orinoco on Fri Dec 26 03:36:49 1997:

Without being noticed.


#68 of 107 by rcurl on Fri Dec 26 04:52:00 1997:

It is noticed alright - but pirate stations generally operate from
off-shore, outside the territorial limits of the USA. 


#69 of 107 by raven on Fri Dec 26 06:08:41 1997:

re # 68 Big irate stations oerate offshore but there many (dozens
of irate stations that oerate in US cities such as Chicago, Miami and
Berkely just to name ones I know of. <one of my keys isnt working, guess which
one>


#70 of 107 by omni on Fri Dec 26 20:12:43 1997:

 Being that I do have a FCC license in my pocket, I'm not going to do anything
to upset the applecart. I like having what I worked my ass off for, and I want
to keep it that way.


#71 of 107 by lumen on Sat Dec 27 03:29:53 1997:

*shrug*  How hard it is to fight against consumerism.


#72 of 107 by orinoco on Sat Dec 27 03:50:10 1997:

raven - how do those Chicago, Berkely, Miami, etc. stations keep from getting
busted then?


#73 of 107 by raven on Sat Dec 27 03:59:25 1997:

re #72 They have guts and just keep broadcasting despite FCC harresment.
Stephen Dunifer in Berkley is legendary in free speech circles.  Do a search on
the web if you want more info.


#74 of 107 by goose on Mon Dec 29 17:28:37 1997:

RE#60-61 -- The "sniffer vans" aren't even vans.  They are generally 
Ford Tarus Wagons, that are so well disguised that even the trained eye
would have diffuculty noticing one.  The FCC scares you into thinking they
are big brother.  They are part of the problam with broadcasting today.


#75 of 107 by bruin on Mon Dec 29 18:44:40 1997:

You're lucky you don't live in the United Kingdom.  They require radio and
television _owners_ to be licensed (to support the BBC).


#76 of 107 by scott on Mon Dec 29 19:28:40 1997:

The other kind of pirate station is "micropower", under 5 watts or so.  Now
one watt is actually pretty powerful, but if the signal only gets around your
neighborhood, and nobody complains, your chances of getting found are pretty
low.  The FCC can't just cruise those vans/cars around in hopes of catchiing
Neighbor Johnny broadcasting at .5 watts... not enough money.


#77 of 107 by orinoco on Mon Dec 29 23:26:22 1997:

(Correct me if I'm delusional, but I remember hearing that Commie High was
operating a micropower station briefly.  Is this just Tom Dodd's overactive
imagination, or did this really happen?)


#78 of 107 by rcurl on Tue Dec 30 06:28:49 1997:

Low power transmitters in the FM broadcast band are quite legal and
sold openly. I have a small one for broadcasting tape and CD players
to an FM radio - at home or in my car. The power is milliwatts, but I
don't know what the power limit is. 


#79 of 107 by carson on Tue Dec 30 19:58:27 1997:

re #77: (very briefly. rusty memory says it was during the Stone School 
        years. I could pribly dig out an old _Communicator_ for more 
        information.)


#80 of 107 by raven on Tue Dec 30 21:36:59 1997:

Should we start a pirate radio item in the cyberpunk or hardware conferences
and take our (interesting) drift elsewhere?


#81 of 107 by orinoco on Wed Dec 31 02:54:56 1997:

I'm actually finding the drift a lot more interesting - and educational - than
the original ranting :)
(carson, I'm pretty sure it wasn't when they were at Stone School.  Tom said
the water stains on his ceiling were from Commie students who damaged the roof
putting up the antenna)


#82 of 107 by rcurl on Wed Dec 31 20:17:13 1997:

Further to #78: I forgot to mention my TV signal retransmitter, also
legal, for distributing my cable signal to a secondary TV set. There are
also transmitting microphones for home use. FM is rather adaptable for
this local use because the signals do not interfer when there is a
significant difference in signal strength, unlike AM, where you can hear
even weak signals superimposed on strong signals. 



#83 of 107 by scg on Sun Jan 4 19:59:18 1998:

I was one of the poeple involved in the CHS radio station.  We started it at
Stone School.  We took apart one of those Fisher Price "Mr. Microphone"
things, and soldered in inputs a mixing board, which we had a tape deck and
a microphone plugged into, and that was our transmitter.  The range was most
of the school building, plus a little bit of the school's back yard.  Since
the Mr. Microphone transmitter is sold in toy stores, I'm assuming it's
probably low enough power that it's legal, or at least that the FCC doesn't
care.  Since our signal wasn't making it off school property, and we were
using a frequency that wasn't being used by anything else in the area, I can't
imagine anybody having complained about it.  A station that could reach an
audience bigger than a school building would probably be a very different
story.  There was an attempt after we moved back into the downtown building
to get the radio station restarted, with somewhat bigger goals.  I think
somebody did look at putting an antenna on the roof, and also started going
through the paperwork to apply for an FCC license for a low powered high
school station, much like the Plymouth-Canton high schools have.  It never
got very far before everybody pretty much lost interest.

As for FCC licensing, I'm glad to hear they enforce it.  Without it there
would be a huge mess, since people broadcasting on top of eachother would make
radio unworkable.  The reason radio works is because radio stations have
distinct frequencies, and somebody needs to keep track of allocating them.
Like it or not, the radio spectrum is quite limited.  Even if it wasn't, there
would need to be somebody in charge of deciding who got what frequencies to
keep people from stepping on eachother.  I don't think you'll find any
resource like that that doesn't use some system like that, whether it's radio
(FCC), TV (FCC), Internet IP addresses (IANA), phone numbers (Bellcore, last
I checked, but I think they're transferring the authority to somebody else),
or just about anything else like that you can think of.  If the people
involved in using the limited space don't recognize the same assigning
authority, it just won't work.


#84 of 107 by diznave on Tue Jan 6 21:29:55 1998:

re #18  Dan, the next time you're driving through the Tampa, FL area, check
out 88.5, WMNF (the best radio station i've *ever* heard). They have _The
Polka Hour_, 3 times a week. 


#85 of 107 by krj on Fri Feb 27 21:10:57 1998:

The USA Today for Friday 2/27 has a good article, generally favorable, about 
pirate/low power broadcasting.  The Berkeley case is being built on 
the argument that a system which requires that every broadcaster 
have a multi-million-dollar license is an effective abridgement of 
free speech.
 
I also just linked in a big item on Digital Radio, now item #115
in the music conference.


#86 of 107 by krj on Mon Mar 1 05:28:49 1999:

The March issue of the Ann Arbor Observer has a small feature
on WUOM, the University of Michigan's NPR station.  The story says 
that since WUOM ditched their all-classical format, listeners and 
contributions have almost doubled.


#87 of 107 by bruin on Fri Apr 9 19:50:10 1999:

Since the last response, I must announce that the former WQRS (105.1 FM --
please correct me if I am wrong) has again changed its format, this time to
classic soul music.  I was listening to the Four Tops singing "Baby I Need
Your Loving," and between that song and "Good Times" by Chic, there was a
station ID which read "Detroit's Classic Soul - 105.1 FM," or something like
that.


#88 of 107 by otaking on Mon Apr 12 19:21:57 1999:

It would've been the perfect opportunity to go back to a classical format.
Unfortunately, they chose to make yet another classic rock (or soul if you
prefer) station.


#89 of 107 by orinoco on Mon Apr 12 20:22:23 1999:

Well, no, it's not "yet another classic rock station", it's a soul station.
There is a difference.  With all the other local so-called-R&B-stations
playing the watered-down music that everyone seems to love these days, the
Detroit area needed a good one of these.  


#90 of 107 by cloud on Tue Apr 13 01:36:07 1999:

Just out of curiosity, is it good?


#91 of 107 by krj on Fri Apr 16 04:20:32 1999:

Channel 4 news announces tonight that a Detroit AM station will 
be playing classical music from 7 pm to 5 am.  
The station is WYUR at 1310 on the dial, and I do not know how 
well they are received in Ann Arbor.
 
(Also, I don't know if anyone has mentioned the classical 
music on Saturday nights at WJR-AM, 760.)


#92 of 107 by tpryan on Fri Apr 16 22:57:07 1999:

        Wow, that keen!


#93 of 107 by krj on Sat Apr 17 19:05:29 1999:

On our "average" bedroom radio, we cannot get a usable signal on 
1310 AM.


#94 of 107 by tpryan on Sun Apr 18 15:05:35 1999:

        Actually, at 1310, it used to be KeeNeR 13.


#95 of 107 by bmoran on Wed May 12 13:32:37 1999:

And for a while, it was a kids radio station, aimed at the 7-14 year old
group. Lousy reception here in A2, better the farther east you went.


#96 of 107 by krj on Sun Jul 16 01:05:08 2000:

The University of Michigan radio station
WUOM has decided to market itself as a 24-hour News and Information
station, so that means that the overnight classical music show has
to be dumped.  "Music Through The Night," the syndicated package,
has been replaced by the BBS World Service.  "Performance Today,"
which ran earlier in the evening, has been replaced by other shows.

http://www.michiganradio.org


#97 of 107 by scott on Sun Jul 16 12:06:23 2000:

I didn't much care for the usual "Music Through the Night" programming anyway.


#98 of 107 by dbratman on Fri Jul 21 23:20:39 2000:

What sort of thing did they play in the middle of the night?


#99 of 107 by krj on Sat Jul 22 02:07:09 2000:

It was fairly mainstream classical, nothing too atonal or noisy, but 
not entirely Classics Lite either.  I found it a rather enjoyable
program to drift off to sleep to.  It's a nationally syndicated package,
so I'd be surprised if a station in the Bay Area didn't carry it.


#100 of 107 by dbratman on Tue Jul 25 23:13:50 2000:

The San Francisco Bay Area is an absolute desert for classical music 
radio, and even more so for syndicated programs.  The new AM station in 
San Francisco, which I can't get down here, apparently carries Karl 
Haas, whom I had previously heard only in other cities on vacation.  The 
same is true for any other programs of that kind, though the stations 
have been known occasionally to carry ootie symphony or Metropolitan 
Opera broadcasts.

Recently, while near Baltimore, I was able to put stations playing 
classical music - from Baltimore, Washington, and elsewhere - on all six 
places on my car radio.  OK, a couple of them were repeater stations on 
different frequencies, but still ...  What a cornucopia!  Nothing like 
that could ever happen out here in the boonies.


#101 of 107 by rcurl on Wed Jul 26 00:00:19 2000:

Good grief. I lived in SF when its FM good music station was a pioneer in
classical music on FM. I can no longer recall its callsign - what was it?
What does it carry now? 



#102 of 107 by dbratman on Wed Jul 26 18:34:41 2000:

When were you in SF?

During my earlier years of listening to classical music - the 70s and 
80s, even through to the early 90s - there were two stations here: KDFC 
was the highbrow station with serious music and no personality (even the 
announcements were pre-recorded, and no human beings were ever named), 
and KKHI was the lowbrow station with characters (including an execrable 
schmaltz-purveyor named Doug Pledger), which played all Baroque during 
commute hours to make more room for commercials, and carried most of the 
broadcasts (which KDFC probably wouldn't touch because they had 
announcers with names).

A few years ago, both stations were sold, I guess, because they switched 
personalities: KDFC hired announcers and went lowbrow (probably the 
lowest brow was hit with this statement: "After the break, we'll hear a 
symphony by Beethoven.  I'll give you a hint: it goes da-da-da-dum."), 
and KKHI went highbrow, though not quite as frigid as the old KDFC had 
been.

KDFC is still around, as low as ever though at least they haven't hired 
Pledger; but the new KKHI lost money and was sold to become yetanother 
pop station.  But then the ex-owner had second thoughts and opened up 
this AM station which, as I said, I haven't heard much: I can't get it 
down here and it doesn't play at night, which is when I'm usually in the 
City.


#103 of 107 by rcurl on Wed Jul 26 21:28:18 2000:

Neither of those. I lived in Oakland 1955-61. 


#104 of 107 by dbratman on Fri Jul 28 23:28:46 2000:

Civilization has declined and fallen a great deal since 1961.

(But then, they said the same thing about 1861.)


#105 of 107 by rcurl on Sun Jul 30 06:21:33 2000:

No, wasn't there then.


#106 of 107 by carson on Sat Aug 12 22:54:00 2000:

(CBC Radio One has a late-night classical music program entitled
"That Time Of The Night."  www.cbc.ca )


#107 of 107 by krj on Thu Feb 22 00:01:59 2001:

News from Usenet:  WNIB, one of two classical music stations in Chicago,
has been bought and is changing formats.  We listened to them a couple 
of times on recent visits there, they seemed to be a decent station.


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