Grex Agora47 Conference

Item 68: Crony capitalism corrupts Chaldean crusade: Cheney culpable?

Entered by russ on Sun Oct 5 17:09:05 2003:

As if Wilsongate wasn't enough difficulty for Bush, it looks like
we're about to have Cheneygate over contracting in Iraq.  The story:

Iraqis say contract bidding is rigged
U.S. lawmaker calls for inquiry
By MICHAEL HEDGES and DAVID IVANOVICH
Copyright 2003 Houston Chronicle

BAGHDAD, Iraq -- The scramble to win U.S.-financed contracts to
rebuild Iraq has been marred by misunderstandings and complaints from
Iraqis that the American bidding process is bewildering and biased.

Many Iraqi businessmen feel shut out of the billion-dollar
reconstruction of their country. While seeking subcontracts from huge
American companies overseen by U.S. government agencies, the Iraqis
claim that contracts have gone to foreign companies that charged many
times more for the same work that they do.

After bids are solicited, the Iraqis say, contract winners are not
announced and losers hear nothing, creating suspicions among the
Iraqis that the process is rigged.

While acknowledging problems -- and noting that the work is done in a
war zone, which creates the need for haste and a certain amount of
secrecy for security reasons -- the Americans insist that Iraqi
subcontractors are being hired and that the bidding process is
impartial. Still, at least one member of Congress, Rep. Henry Waxman,
D-Calif., has demanded that the Bush administration look into the
process.

"Until now, all the investment in Iraq has been for foreigners, not
Iraqis," said Talal Al Saab, a general contractor who had dozens of
employees before the war. "The process of awarding the contracts is
not fair to us. I can't put people to work, and that is hurting the
stability of the country."

Ayad Abdul-Latif, a bidding engineer for Gurjai and Sons, General
Contractors, showed a request for quotations that sought a contractor
to remove waste oil. The proposal did not specify where the oil was,
or how much there was of it. "How can you make a bid if you don't know
the location?" he said.

Fadhil Ajina, an architectural engineer in Baghdad with an impressive
résumé, said American companies refused to hire people such as
himself to oversee the quality of work on projects like restoring
schools and hospitals, and instead hired small Iraqi companies no one
had heard of. The result, he said, was shoddy work. "They forgot
quality," he said. "They just wanted someone who could do the work in
30 or 40 days. I don't blame them, they were under pressure to get
results fast. But repairing a school is not just painting the walls."

Iraqi businessmen are not only frustrated by the American process,
but by corruption among their own countrymen as well. They claim that
when American companies hire large Iraqi firms as major
subcontractors, the Iraqi companies then demand a kickback called "the
commission" from smaller firms in exchange for a piece of the job.

"For example, an Iraqi came to me and said I could get a job
reconstructing 50 schools if I gave him $50,000," said Saad Aljanabi,
a construction contractor.

Aljanabi said he did not pay the man, and could not prove it was a
real bribe attempt. But he said he has not been able to find out from
American officials who eventually won the contract.

But as with so much else in Iraq, U.S. officials involved in the
contracting process see the situation differently than the Iraqis do.

Neil Price, the supervisory contracting officer with the U.S. Agency
for International Development here, which oversees most of the non-oil
related contracts let in Iraq, said the agency has an explicit "buy
Iraqi" policy for the major American firms who are seeking
subcontractors. "We have told them to make maximum practical use of
that policy," a policy that works, he said.

Price pointed to the results of the principal contractor overseen by
USAID, the San Francisco-based Bechtel Corp., as an example.

"As of Oct. 1," he said, "Bechtel had placed 102 subcontracts worth
$54 million to Iraqi firms, and a lot more is planned."

Bechtel has promised to subcontract out 90 percent of the man-hours
associated with its contract -- 70 percent to Iraqis, said company
spokesman Howard Menaker. Bechtel's working relationship with the
Iraqis has been "extremely positive," Menaker said.

Officials with the other major U.S. firm in Iraq, KBR -- formerly
known as Kellogg Brown & Root, a subsidiary of Houston-based
Halliburton Co. -- could not say how many Iraqi firms they have hired.
But they noted that local companies, under KBR's supervision, are
providing a host of services, from laundering uniforms to setting up
Internet cafes for soldiers to use.

"KBR's first choice is to buy locally within Iraq," Patrice Mingo, a
spokeswoman, said. "If we cannot find the materials or services needed
to fulfill our client's request, we then look regionally, throughout
the Middle East and beyond, until we are able to meet the request."

Price and other American contracting officials here show photographs
of jobs well done by Iraqi companies to support their position that
the process works most of the time. He said the huge American firms
like KBR and Bechtel are subjected to the same scrutiny that
government contractors face in the United States.

But charges of unfair contracting practices in Iraq are becoming an
issue in Washington.

Waxman sent a letter to the Bush administration's Office of
Management and Budget last week leveling charges of waste.

"For the past six months, I have been investigating the activities of
Halliburton and Bechtel in Iraq," Waxman said. "A picture is now
beginning to emerge of waste and gold-plating that is enriching
Halliburton and Bechtel while costing the U.S. taxpayer millions and
imperiling the goal of Iraqi reconstruction. The problem is this: Too
much money appears to be going to Halliburton and Bechtel for too
little work and too few opportunities for Iraqis."

Waxman quoted two members of the Iraqi Governing Council making the
same charges as many businessmen here -- that Iraqis are cut out of
the contracting process and American companies are overcharging.

Bechtel's Menaker called Waxman's allegations not only wrong but "an
insult to the men and women working in an extremely challenging
environment to rebuild Iraq."

A high-ranking official with the Coalition Provisional Authority in
Baghdad, which has ultimate authority over money spent here, said
contractors face stringent requirements to assure the funds are spent
effectively, and that there was "free and open competition fair to
everybody."

The official, who asked not to be named, said some of the problems
claimed by Iraqis are not surprising.

"Iraqis say they are not getting these projects. But the reality is
the Iraqi capacity to do these jobs isn't always there," she said.
"This country had been badly mismanaged, and in some areas there is
not much technical expertise."

Iraqis complained that they cannot figure out how to bid jobs, or
that the bidding period is so short -- often just two or three days --
that they cannot make a bid on time.

"There is plenty of competition for these subcontracts, so some
people are figuring it out," the official said. "We do operate quickly
on small contracts. It is still a war zone, and we want to get things
done."

Asked about the complaint by Iraqis that some work has been
substandard, she said, "We have seen some shoddy workmanship, but it
is the exception. In some cases we can withhold payment when that
happens. And we have a `bad vendors' list to weed people out if they
do bad work."

A Bechtel official said the company has been working with, among
others, the Iraqi Federation of Contractors to determine firms'
qualifications for performing the work. Company officials said they
are confident the Iraqi firms they have hired have been qualified to
perform the work.

Price said all work by contractors is scrutinized closely before
being approved, and substandard work is ordered re-done.

But some Iraqi contractors are adamant that the process is unfair.

Iraqi businessman Farouk Al-Obaidi used American boxing slang to
describe his company's efforts to get part of the millions of dollars
in contracts being issued here by American companies.

"It is a pre-fixed fight," said the former top trade official who is
now a vice president for Al Maimani Company, one of Iraq's biggest
firms. He displayed proposals from KBR and other companies that showed
a bidding process that opened and closed within two days, with sketchy
details about the specific goods or services the contractors were to
provide. Iraqis were used to seeing detailed bid proposals during the
former regime.

When asked about those short turnaround times, KBR's Mingo said that
"the timeframe of each bid is determined by urgency of the request
from our client, the U.S. Army."

Abdul-Latif, the bidding engineer for Gurjai and Sons, said that
"there is much information in the solicitations for bids that is
inaccurate and misleading. Whoever prepared them was not a
specialist."

KBR's Mingo said the company "provides as much information as
possible in the bid requests. It is not to anyone's advantage to do
otherwise."

In a country where there is no effective phone system, clarifying the
details often requires a face-to-face meeting at the Baghdad
Convention Center that can take days to arrange, the Iraqis said.

"It gives you the suspicion that they either don't care about
technical considerations, or the matter was already decided before the
request for quotations was issued," Abdul-Latif said.

Secrecy in the bidding process has been one of the biggest complaints
of Iraqis. Those who win contracts are not routinely identified,
Iraqis and Americans said. Those who lose out do not hear anything,
including if their bid was rejected for a lower one or on some
technical grounds, numerous Iraqi contractors said.

The Coalition Provisional Authority official defended the policy as
necessary right now.

"The reality of the situation is that we are not posting winners
because of security problems," she said. "And we simply don't have the
time to inform all of the losers."

But even some Americans here see that policy as a problem. "The idea
that we can't post the winners because they will be targeted to me is
off the wall and has hurt our credibility," said one U.S. military
officer who works with Iraqi contractors.

Perhaps the biggest complaint of Iraqis is what they call American
cultural bias on the part of both the Coalition Provisional Authority
and big U.S. companies.

International companies have come here to get a slice of the several
billion dollars in subcontracts controlled by the U.S. government and
large American firms. American arrogance has frozen Iraqi companies
out, said businessman Rashid Alduleimi.

"We built hospitals, mosques and palaces before the war," Alduleimi
said. "Since the war, we are unemployed. This is our country, and we
want to be part of rebuilding it."

An official with the contracting authority said that in the haste to
begin the massive process of rebuilding Iraq, sometimes Americans did
turn to companies with which they had experience.

He described a contract he nearly issued to a large U.S.
telecommunications company to construct Web sites that would have cost
taxpayers $55,000.

"Normally it would have just happened and that would have been the
end of it," the official said. "But an Iraqi convinced me he could do
the work. He actually did a great job for $6,000."

One category of Iraqis who claim they cannot get business are the
mega-contractors who flourished under Saddam Hussein's rule, companies
like Mammalian. They are right, at least when it comes to American
taxpayer-supported contracts, Price said.

"There is a policy that we don't do business with any of the former"
members of the ruling Baath party, he said. "All of our contractors
are mindful of this prohibition."

Some Iraqis said the policy was news to them. When one Iraqi
businessman who had built palaces and government buildings for the
former regime was told that the policy was likely precluding him from
getting contracts, he said, "I can't believe that. Saddam was here for
35 years and to work you had to have contacts with the government.
Otherwise, it was impossible. So why should we be punished?"

But if the U.S. government has the policy of cutting out the
Baathists, the official said that in practice there was no effort to
enforce it.

"In reality, we just don't have the ability to check everybody out
that thoroughly," the official said.

Michael Hedges reported from Baghdad, David Ivanovich from
Washington.

Sidebar:

CONTRACTS FOR IRAQI PROJECTS

Administered by:

· The Coalition Provisional Authority, the lead U.S. agency, has
overall responsibility.

· The Army Corps of Engineers oversees oil field work.

· The U.S. Agency for International Development oversees schools,
airports and other infrastructure projects.

Two U.S. companies, Halliburton Co. and Bechtel Corp., dominate the
private contracts to reconstruct Iraq's oil infrastructure, help
rebuild Iraqi government and civic facilities and supply U.S. troops
and government workers. The contracts are worth a total of $3.14
billion.

WHERE THE MONEY COMES FROM

· $1.7 billion in Iraqi assets frozen since the first Gulf War.

· $800 million confiscated from Saddam Hussein's coffers.

· Several hundred million dollars generated by the U.N. oil-for-food
plan.

-- MICHAEL HEDGES 

http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/topstory/2136626
19 responses total.

#1 of 19 by rcurl on Sun Oct 5 19:29:18 2003:

One can't  say that the Iraqi contractors are all incompetent - just look
at the (prewar) existing infrastructure of Baghdad (including the castles).
it was built by Iraqi contractors. I would also expect that it would cost
much less to hire Iraqi contractors because of the lower wages, while
the American firms are charging America wages. 


#2 of 19 by gull on Sun Oct 5 21:23:36 2003:

I can't see this being a major scandal.  If the public didn't care about
the original awarding of sweetheart no-bid contracts to Dick Cheney's
buddies, they won't care about this.


#3 of 19 by other on Mon Oct 6 01:44:20 2003:

Sadly, I think gull has hit the nail upon the head.


#4 of 19 by sj2 on Mon Oct 6 16:07:05 2003:

A lot of civil work in pre-war Iraq (and pre-sanction Iraq) was done by 
Indian contractors. This included building a railway system in the west 
of Baghdad.

Re#0, I don't know if the US Govt and the US citizens seriously 
expected anyone outside the US to buy the WMD/Terrorism/Democracy spin, 
but it would be really interesting to know what were the real reasons 
behind going to war. 


#5 of 19 by gelinas on Mon Oct 6 18:50:02 2003:

"He tried to kill my daddy."


#6 of 19 by aruba on Mon Oct 6 21:25:18 2003:

I think one real reason was to get our troops out of Saudia Arabia.  Their
presence there was cited by Osama as a major motivation in his hatred in the
US.  Defeating Iraq gave us a good reason to pull them out.

Of course, we could have just pulled them out without going to war.  But
many people would have seen that as a loss of face.


#7 of 19 by other on Tue Oct 7 03:50:35 2003:

I think that taken alone, #6 is a stretch, but as one of several reasons 
it makes a lot of sense.


#8 of 19 by tsty on Tue Oct 7 07:02:53 2003:

when the bids went out they *had* to go to already-certified top secret
holding companies. 
  
the tiem element here is ignored for the smear value. 
  
this ADVANCE PLANNING necessitated contracts that did not
include iraqui-what-may-be-left-afterwards companies.
  
how could it?
  


#9 of 19 by gull on Tue Oct 7 13:26:15 2003:

So you're saying the only top-secret holding companies in the country
are ones Dick Cheney worked for?


#10 of 19 by sj2 on Tue Oct 7 15:39:38 2003:

Btw, the contracts for building GSM networks went to some regional 
companies from Kuwait and Egypt. Having said that, it remains to be 
seen where the major share of contracts go.


#11 of 19 by murph on Thu Oct 9 02:44:17 2003:

re#8: I think a lot of the projects they're talking about aren't things that
require top secret clearance.  Maybe I'm misunderstanding something about
security clearances and rebuilding roads and schools, though.  Also, while
it may be that some bids had to be given to companies with security
clearances, this would have been clearly stated in the RFQ's.  Gov't agencies
don't want to deal with a bunch of proposals that they know they can't
choose--they try to get only the properly qualified contractors to respond.

In general, even if nothing else shady is going on, people really need to do
such things as announce who won the bid.  Notifying the losers might require
a little more coordination than is possible right now, but a Microsoft Word
mail merge really isn't that difficult, once you have a reliable way of
sending letters back to the contractors.


#12 of 19 by other on Thu Oct 9 02:50:22 2003:

I'm sure that the basic communications infrastructure is both part of the 
problem and a convenient excuse for not following through on such simple 
procedural activities.


#13 of 19 by gelinas on Thu Oct 9 03:20:12 2003:

(Clearances would have been required only before the fact, to make sure
assets were in place as soon as needed.  That justification no longer
applies to Iraq.)


#14 of 19 by tsty on Sat Oct 11 04:34:59 2003:

((irt #13, uhhhhh, teh *well* thoughout recovery adn justification would
necessitate non-anarchy in teh rebuildng later.))
  
the recovery was well thought out .. it takes time, not some
knee-jerk, magic-bullet approach.


#15 of 19 by russ on Fri Oct 17 02:47:13 2003:

And it gets deeper for Cheney...

Oct. 16, 2003, 6:39AM
Duo criticize Halliburton's Iraqi gas markup
By DAVID IVANOVICH
Copyright 2003 Houston Chronicle Washington Bureau

WASHINGTON -- Key congressional Democrats are challenging the bills
Halliburton Co. is sending American taxpayers for trucking gasoline
into Iraq.

Rep. Henry Waxman, D-Calif., and Rep. John Dingell, D-Mich., accused
the Houston firm of gouging the U.S. public by charging far more than
industry experts deemed reasonable to transport fuel 400 miles from a
Kuwaiti refinery to Baghdad.

"Millions of Americans want to help Iraqis, but they don't want to be
fleeced," said Waxman, the ranking Democrat on the House Government
Reform Committee.

Halliburton has been shipping fuel into Iraq as part of an exclusive
contract awarded by the Army Corps of Engineers to repair the
country's dilapidated oil infrastructure.

Wendy Hall, a spokeswoman for Halliburton, said the company was
directed "to acquire and transport gasoline through a hostile
environment and deliver it to Baghdad.

"We used a sound procurement process which has been approved by the
government," Hall said, adding that the company believes it is has
been negotiating "fair and competitive prices to provide fuel to the
Iraqi people."

But in a letter to Joshua Bolten, director of the Office of
Management and Budget, Waxman and Dingell pointed to assessments from
industry experts who described the fees as "outrageously high,"
potentially "a huge rip-off" and "highway robbery."

As of Sept. 18, the Army Corps had paid Halliburton subsidiary KBR,
formerly Kellogg Brown & Root, more than $304 million to import nearly
192 million gallons of fuel into Iraq.

That worked out to a fee of $1.59 a gallon, the lawmakers said. Tack
on the return of 2 percent to 7 percent the company is allowed to earn
under the contract, and the price tag ticks up to somewhere between
$1.62 and $1.70 a gallon.

Between April and September, the lawmakers noted, gasoline was
selling on the wholesale market in the Middle East for about 71 cents
a gallon. That means KBR was charging between 91 cents and 99 cents a
gallon to truck in the fuel.

The lawmakers checked with some oil industry experts, who estimate
that KBR should be able to transport the fuel for anywhere from 10
cents to 25 cents a gallon.

"This has been an outrage for a long time," said Phil Verleger,
president of Newport Beach, Calif-based PKVerleger, one of the oil
industry experts the Democrats consulted.

Of course, conditions within Iraq remain dangerous. Convoys on Iraq's
highways have been attacked repeatedly.

But the lawmakers noted that the U.S. military is providing security
for the convoys and footing the bill for that service.

One unnamed industry source told the lawmakers that SOMO, Iraq's
state oil marketing organization, had been able to acquire gasoline
through a crude oil exchange for about 50 cents less per gallon than
Halliburton was charging.

Halliburton spokeswoman Hall said the company had chosen "suppliers
who could meet the requirements defined by our client. These task
order requirements included the ability to acquire the necessary
quantities of fuel and the ability to deliver it in a hostile
environment."

The cost of the Iraqi gas imports is being borne, largely, by the
United States. Iraqi motorists are paying only 4 cents to 15 cents a
gallon.

"We are paying -- taxpayers are paying -- $1.70 a gallon for gas,"
Waxman said. "Iraqis are paying a nickel."

Hall noted that "KBR is not responsible for establishing the price
Iraqi motorists pay for gasoline at the pump."

Army Corps spokesman Bob Faletti said he could not confirm the
lawmakers' figures. But he noted that both the Pentagon and the
General Accounting Office, Congress' research arm, have auditors
monitoring compliance with the contract.

"We've got the auditors there to make sure we aren't wasting money,"
Faletti said, adding, "They have not found any major discrepancies."

Halliburton's contract in Iraq has come under such severe criticism,
in large part because the Army Corps awarded the huge assignment to
Vice President Dick Cheney's former employer last March without
seeking bids from other competitors.

This latest critique comes as the Army Corps is poised to award two
new contracts to finish the work begun by the huge engineering,
construction and oil-field services firm.

This is not the first time Halliburton has been accused of
overcharging for work performed for the U.S. military.

Reviewing Halliburton's fees for work after the war in the Balkans,
the General Accounting Office blasted Halliburton for charging $85.98
a sheet for 4-foot-by-8-foot sheets of plywood that investigators said
could have been acquired for $14.06 per sheet.

Halliburton's bill included the cost of flying the plywood to the
Balkans from the United States. Army officials deemed that an
unnecessarily expensive way to transport the materials.

http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/business/2160022


#16 of 19 by gull on Fri Oct 17 13:45:57 2003:

I sure wouldn't want to be the one to drive a gasoline tanker through a
war zone.


#17 of 19 by rcurl on Fri Oct 17 16:06:12 2003:

I'm  sure many Iraqis would be glad for the employment.


#18 of 19 by tsty on Tue Nov 4 06:24:46 2003:

re #17 .. agreed


#19 of 19 by willcome on Thu Nov 27 08:05:17 2003:

.... whore


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