Grex Agora47 Conference

Item 204: The Gay Marriage debate

Entered by richard on Tue Dec 2 10:20:31 2003:

Interesting column on the gay marriage debate by William Safire in the 
New York Times today:

"On Same-Sex Marriage

By William Safire, The New York Times

I'm a "libcon." To that small slice of the political spectrum called 
libertarian conservative, personal freedom is central.

With a consistency that strikes some as foolish, I'm pro-choice on 
abortion before the quickening, pro-choice on my investment in Social 
Security and pro-choice on private competition to Medicare.

That also explains why libcons demand that government protect rather 
than intrude on privacy, and why we excoriate government officials who 
permit media mergers that limit public access to all shades of opinion.

The libcon credo: respect majority rule and deeply ingrained cultural 
custom unless they step on individual freedom, at which point wave the 
Bill of Rights and holler.

That mind-set, so helpful in providing instant certitude on everything, 
is generating the jangle of cognitive dissonance on same-sex marriage.

The issue is often posed as one of simple legal fairness: why shouldn't 
two adults of the same sex who want to become life partners have the 
same opportunity   and gain the same legal rights of government 
insurance, pension protection and hospital visitation   as a couple who 
choose op-sex marriage?

That encouragement to making homosexual relationships more permanent is 
the primary argument for "civil union," the euphemism for "legal 
marriage but don't call it that because it makes most straight people 
angry." Many gay people, like many casually cohabiting heterosexuals, 
will embrace the principle but not the practice, as it would involve 
the consequences of dissolution of such a contract: alimony, child 
support when applicable, division of assets, and the law firm of Nasty, 
Brutal and Short.

The libertarian in me says: civil union corrects an inequity in the 
law. There should be no legal or economic discrimination against 
homosexuals anywhere in the U.S. And what is lawful in Vermont or 
Massachusetts should be recognized in every other state because we are 
one nation when it comes to basic rights, popular statutes to the 
contrary notwithstanding.

That's the easy part. More difficult is the argument that the primary 
purpose of society's bedrock institution is to conceive and rear 
children in a home of male and female role models known as caring 
parents. But now that there are adoptive and scientific substitutes for 
old-fashioned procreation, and now that 43 percent of first marriages 
fail, the nuclear family ideal is not what it used to be. Little lock 
is left in wedlock.

But what about the religious dimension to marriage? The ceremony 
performed by clergy in a house of worship involves a sacrament, invokes 
God's blessing on a man and a woman who take a solemn vow on entering a 
spiritual and not just a physical union. Won't pressure to marry people 
of the same sex split denominations, dismay millions of churchgoers and 
infuriate many ardent believers?

Yes. Divisive it would surely be. Proponents of s-s-m who want more 
than a city hall wedding   who want more than a civil union   would 
seek clergy and congregants who welcome them. It would be a source of 
bitter doctrinal debate in many neighborhoods. So was racial 
intermarriage; but this faces scriptural admonitions as in the doomed 
city of Sodom.

That brings us to the Supreme Court decision striking down anti-sodomy 
law in Texas. That victory for privacy slammed the bedroom door in the 
face of prosecutors who disapproved of forms of consensual sex engaged 
in by homosexuals and others. The stinging dissent by Justice Antonin 
Scalia, however, was prescient: the court decision opened the door to 
agitation for same-sex marriage. It may not be the slippery slope to 
polygamy, polyandry, incest and bestiality, but s-s-m is surely upon us.

The conservative in me wonders: if equal rights can be assured by civil 
union, why are some gays pushing so hard for the word "marriage"?

The answer is that the ancient word conveys a powerful message. Civil 
union connotes toleration of homosexuality, with its attendant 
recognition of an individual's civil rights; but marriage connotes 
society's full approval of homosexuality, with previous moral judgment 
reversed.

The pace of profound cultural change is too important to be left to 
activist judges. As moral-political issues go, this big one deserves 
examination in communities with minds that can deal with internal 
contradictions   which is the libcon way.


12-01-03 06:50 EST

Copyright   2003 The New York Times Company."
293 responses total.

#1 of 293 by richard on Tue Dec 2 10:22:33 2003:

I think Safire is waffling. Early in that piece, he says that our 
country ought to have one set of basic rights, and that the right of 
two consenting adults to be able to get married ought to be such a 
right. He also says it is teh responsibility of the courts to uphold 
those rights. But then at the end, he seems to contradict himself, and 
says judges shouldn't decide this, that states and communities need to 
decide. Also, at one point Safire says:

"marriage connotes society's full approval of homosexuality, with 
previous moral judgment reversed."

I think Safire is wrong here as well. That is the same faulty logic 
right wingers use in the abortion debate. They argue that iif you are 
pro-choice you APPROVE of abortion. In fact, one can strongly 
DISAPPROVE of both abortions and gay marriages, and still vote that 
those things ought to be legal because they think people should have 
the right to make their own decisions in those matters.

I can be against a bill to outlaw smoking, and it DOESN'T mean that I 
approve of smoking.

Also, I disagree that there need be religious grounds to oppose gay 
marriages. The courts can only make gay marriage legal under the law. 
They CANNOT force any church to perform gay marriage ceremonies, if 
those marriages are against church doctrine, or temple doctrine. All 
legalizing gay marriage means is that a gay couple who are in love, can 
take out a marriage license, and can legally try to find a church, any 
church-- even the church of Elvis in Vegas or whatever-- that might 
perform a ceremony for them if they so choose. 

You are not approving of gay marriage by agreeing to such a law. You 
are simply saying that two consenting adults in this free country ought 
to be able to make their own decisions about their own lives. That 
ought to be, as Safire says before contradicting himself, a basic 
right. 


#2 of 293 by richard on Tue Dec 2 10:31:12 2003:

And this is by the way going to be a big issue in the upcoming election year.
Bush and his advisors are just salivating at the idea of turning the general
election into a referendum on the "institution of marriage"  Particularly if
his opponent is Howard Dean, who as governor of Vermont, signed the first such
law in the country to legalize civil unions for gays.  The Bush people will
argue that Massachusetts legalizing gay marriages is some proof that the
country is going to hell.  They will say that we ought to cling to a highly
religious, highly idealized concept of "marriage" as only being between a man
and a woman, and that somehow our society will decay if we allow gay couples
the right to get married.  I believe Bush is going to propose a constitutional
amendment to outlaw gay marriage, which the Democrats' nominee would almost
certainly oppose, and try to use that as a way of trying to make the election
into a cultural debate instead of a political debate.  It stinks but its going
to happen.


#3 of 293 by gelinas on Tue Dec 2 12:55:20 2003:

Safire isn't waffling: "As moral-political issues go, this big one
deserves examination in communities with minds that can deal with internal
contradictions   which is the libcon way."

This is both a legal issue and a cultural issue, as you note.  The culture is
not going to change because the law changes.


#4 of 293 by remmers on Tue Dec 2 13:43:08 2003:

"The culture is not going to change because the law changes."

Well, I don't know about that.  Around 1953 one might have said the same
thing about racial segregation in the American South.  Then the law changed,
and the law was enforced.  There was much resistance to change within the
culture, but cultural change eventually did follow.  Without the impetus
provided by the changes in laws, I very much doubt that this would have
happened.


#5 of 293 by bhoward on Tue Dec 2 14:04:57 2003:

The two chase each other and at other times they push each other.
Sometimes things get really nasty and they pull against each other but I
really can't recall a time when law and culture ever ignored each other
for any significant amount of time.


#6 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 2 14:40:37 2003:

Safire doesn't take a stand.  He dances around some of the various 
issues but he doesn't give his view.  He says he wants to see local 
communities discuss the issue and decide what they think.  He can 
neither encourage that nor stop it.  They do it all the time.  Nice 
that it gives him some warm fuzzies to see it occurring.  I guess.


#7 of 293 by other on Tue Dec 2 14:48:55 2003:

Nice item, Richard.


#8 of 293 by gull on Tue Dec 2 15:35:48 2003:

Re resp:0: I think Safire is right about most things in that piece, but
wrong about the Texas sodomy ruling "opening the door" for agitation for
gay marriage.  People were agitating for gay marriage long before that
ruling.  In fact, the ruling seems to have provoked a backlash.

Re resp:2: I keep hearing that this is going to be a big issue in the
upcoming election, but I don't see why.  The Democrats are not going to
make a big deal about gay marriage, because they know the majority of
the public isn't going to support it.  The people who *are* strongly for
gay marriage will still vote Democratic because, let's face it, they
have no other options.  Likewise, Bush already has a lock on the
Religious Right's vote, so he doesn't really need to play to them on
this issue.  At most it'll be a sidenote the Republicans will attempt to
use in an exaggerated way as a scare tactic.  (<serious announcer
voice>The Democrats want to force your church to marry queers!  Vote
Bush 2004.</voice>)

Re resp:6: Still, Safire is a conservative commentator.  It's pretty
striking, to me, that he doesn't come right out against the whole
concept of gay marriage.  Cal Thomas, for example, would have approached
the subject very differently.


#9 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 2 16:27:19 2003:

I think Safire made a good point in comparing homosexual marriage to 
interracial marriage.  Both have been outlawed in the past.  Legalizing 
interracial marriage went a long way toward humanizing minorities.

I think he's exactly right when he said:

   [T]he ancient word conveys a powerful message. Civil union connotes 
   toleration of homosexuality, with its attendant recognition of an 
   individual's civil rights; but marriage connotes society's full 
   approval of homosexuality, with previous moral judgment reversed.

Legalizing homosexual marriage removes the force of society's angry 
frown of disapproval from homosexual relationships.  People will still 
be uncomfortable and unhappy about homosexuality.  Many, maybe most, 
people still feel awkward about interracial marriage.  So what?  Some 
feel uncomfortable about interfaith marriages.  Those have been legal 
for a century at least, and I don't know anyone who thinks they should 
not be.  People said interracial marriages were proscribed by the 
Bible, too.  I for one still think legalizing them was a good idea.

I'm for legalizing homosexual marriages.  If they have to be 
called "civil unions", then so should heterosexual marriages.  There 
shouldn't be any legal distinctions between the two, such as tax 
advantages.

Like Safire, I'd describe myself as somewhere between a libertarian and 
a conservative.  I wouldn't draw the lines quite where he does, so I 
guess I'm not a "libcon".  I can live with that.


#10 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 2 16:53:46 2003:

I am sure the GOP leadership would like to make homosexual marriage 
into a campaign issue, much like they tried to do with flag burning a 
few elections ago.  It'll be more likely to be a big issue if Howard 
Dean is nominated.

Homosexual marriage is a big, important, critical issue to a lot of 
people.  If the Democratic Party allows it to become a central campaign 
issue, then they'll lose the next election, because it's the sort of 
issue that will get a lot of people out and voting.  I hope that 
doesn't happen.


#11 of 293 by klg on Tue Dec 2 17:22:49 2003:

re:  "#10 (jep):  . . . Homosexual marriage is a big, important, 
critical issue to a lot of people."

How many?


#12 of 293 by rcurl on Tue Dec 2 17:25:06 2003:

I also am unclear on what Safire is "proposing". Perhaps  he just had a
column deadline to meet but hadn't any new (or old) ideas. 

I'm inclined to think that if "civil unions" of homosexuals were widely
permitted, essentially equal to marriage in law, those so united would
themselves still say they are "married" (that could not be outlawed), and
slowly the distinction would melt.



#13 of 293 by vidar on Tue Dec 2 17:59:58 2003:

I'm getting tired of politicians making big deals out of what I see as 
non-issues.  Of course, I also know that they play to whomever is 
giving them the most money.  The Religious WRONG in Bush's case.  I 
also don't understand why people get so worked up about things that are 
going to have absolutely NO impact on them.

Politicians need to focus on politics.  My grandmother, a lifetime 
Repiblican, stopped voting Republician because of making abortion the 
major issue.  One of the founding principles of this country is 
religious freedom, and the Christian theocracy that the Religious WRONG 
is pushing for makes me sick.  After all, one of the reasons the 
colonists left England was to escape religious oppression.

Again, why worry about things that don't affect you?


#14 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 2 18:52:30 2003:

re resp:11: I'm not sure what you want.  Are you disputing what I said?


#15 of 293 by richard on Tue Dec 2 19:26:22 2003:

re: #8....the reason the GOP and Bush's folks will run hard on the gay
marriage issue is that polls consistently show that there is a distinct gender
gap on this.  Younger voters, who grew up in a more accepting culture, are
far more likely to have less of an issue with legalizing gay marriage.  But
older voters, over age fifty, grew up in a different time and a lot of them
see legalizing gay marriage as another instance of the world changing from
what they know and the world they grew up in.  

The Bush people are making a big run at getting larger chunks of the senior
citizens vote next year.  With a proposed consitutional amendment to outlaw
gay marriage, they figure they will not only rally their base, but also
attract a lot of older voters who might place extra importance on such
cultural issues.  Also they figure such an amendment will play well in the
south, which is the region traditionally most resistant to cultural change
(see civil rights era)  So if they think they have a hot button issue sure
to help them among older voters and in south, what does that add up to? ONe
word-- Florida.  The state that decided the election last time.  Also the Bush
folks presumably think they can use this issue to bring out rural white
voters-- who polls show strongly oppose gay marriage-- in key states like
Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.  


#16 of 293 by richard on Tue Dec 2 19:38:50 2003:

Think about what happened when Clinton became president and he tried to
fulfill a campaign promise to change the rules so openly gay people can serve
in the military.  There was a huge hue and cry, people-- military veterans,
older voters-- saying that you can't force cultural change on the military.
The reality is that you COULD have gays in the military now because younger
people aren't as homophobic as their parents or grandparents.  But the old
guard that still runs the military couldn't see that, and they rallied a lot
of support among older voters, white male rural voters, conservative southern
voters.  The result was "Don't Ask, Don't Tell", a sham of a policy which
encourages gay people to stay in the closet and doesn't promote acceptance
and understanding.  

The same sort of factors are in play with legalizing gay marriage.  The same
people who don't want to know that gay people might be in their troops, are
the ones who don't want to know that gay people are getting marriage licenses.


#17 of 293 by scott on Tue Dec 2 19:40:17 2003:

Oh, I agree the Republicans will make an issue of gay marriage.  Regardless
of what the Democratic position is, they'll be accused of supporting it.


#18 of 293 by slynne on Tue Dec 2 21:04:18 2003:

If we ever find ourselves in a position where we have a draft, I have a 
feeling that homosexuals will be allowed to serve openly in the 
military. Either that or you'll have a whole lot of young men 
pretending to be homosexual in order to avoid going to war. If they 
drafted women and didnt allow lesbians in, I would be french kissing 
some chick while waiting in line. 



#19 of 293 by happyboy on Tue Dec 2 22:18:35 2003:

can i have polaroids?


#20 of 293 by gelinas on Tue Dec 2 23:49:19 2003:

(Apparently, homosexuality was NOT used to avoid the draft during the Vietnam
War.  Of course, homosexuality was not as acceptable then as it is now.)


#21 of 293 by slynne on Wed Dec 3 03:01:09 2003:

exactly my point


#22 of 293 by richard on Wed Dec 3 03:36:42 2003:

If you read historical accounts, you wouldn't believe how Harry Truman was
attacked when he ordered the military de-segregated.  The old guard military
leaders screamed that it was against the military culture, that blacks had
to be in black troops and whites in white troops.  Truman, to his credit, told
them basically, "get over it"  Truman signed Executive Order #9981 in 1948
and unilaterally de-segregated the army.  And you know what? the military DID
learn to live with it, and became more tolerant as a result.  Sometimes people
WON'T accept cultural change unless it is forced upon them.  That's just life.

There is no question that people would get used to gays in the military and
gays getting married, and after a while not even think about it anymore.  


#23 of 293 by russ on Wed Dec 3 05:00:45 2003:

Re #20:

        If one guy comes in, sings a bar of Alice's Restaurant and walks
        out, they'll think he's really sick and they won't take him.

        And if two people do it... if two people walk in, sing a bar of
        Alice's Restaurant and walk out, they'll think they're both
        faggots and they won't take either of 'em.

                        -- Arlo Guthrie (errors mine)


#24 of 293 by gull on Wed Dec 3 14:47:36 2003:

Leonard Pitts, Jr. did a column about gay marriage recently, too:
http://www.freep.com/voices/columnists/pitts28_20031128.htm

He thinks that the focus on gay marriage is a misdirection ploy by the
Republicans, meant to distract people from the war and the budget
deficit.  He also thinks that Republicans will focus on "gay marriage",
not "civil unions", because including the word "marriage" gets more of a
visceral reaction from people.


#25 of 293 by bru on Wed Dec 3 16:31:59 2003:

Being gay is illegal under the UCMJ, or has that regulation been changed?


#26 of 293 by vidar on Wed Dec 3 17:36:56 2003:

This response has been erased.



#27 of 293 by vidar on Wed Dec 3 17:39:13 2003:

I'm not sure if this is a politics or religion question: what does UCMJ 
stand for?


#28 of 293 by flem on Wed Dec 3 17:44:41 2003:

Uniform Code of Military Justice, maybe?


#29 of 293 by bru on Wed Dec 3 19:12:12 2003:

exactly.


#30 of 293 by dcat on Wed Dec 3 22:30:50 2003:

interesting to note that several american military leaders have, erm, "come
out" against "don't ask, don't tell" recently. . . . there was an article in
the NY Times recently, I believe, but I don't have the URL at hand at the
moment.

and, of course, some two dozen militaries around the world, including Canada,
Israel, and the UK, have lifted bans on homosexuals in their services with
no ill effects.


#31 of 293 by willcome on Wed Dec 3 23:04:20 2003:

Maybe you didn't read the article about how Canada's military's going to be
disbanded.


#32 of 293 by jmsaul on Thu Dec 4 03:20:30 2003:

Re #25:  My impression is that admitting you're gay is illegal, and engaging
         in homosexual sex acts is illegal, but being gay itself is not.


#33 of 293 by richard on Thu Dec 4 08:43:31 2003:

In my personal opinion, the institution of marriage seems like a wonderful
thing, when it works out right.  And everyone knows that the divorce rate
is going up and we are seeing fewer examples of good marriages now than
ever before.  So if you have couples who love each other, and who want to
be part of this institution, and to be an example to others as to how to
have a succesful loving relationship, why not let them?  Allowing gay
marriages would only IMPROVE the overrall marriage statistics.  I know at
least two gay couples, who consider themselves married, and have been
together for many years, and who are like the best "examples" of marriage
and "committed relationships" that I know.  They don't need a marriage
license or some church ceremony to tell them they are married, but
wouldn't it be nice if it wasn't even an issue.  Wouldn't it be nice if
the government acknowledged that they are consenting adults and have the
legal right to share each other's lives?


#34 of 293 by mcnally on Thu Dec 4 10:14:55 2003:

  Some argue that the legitimate function of government is to provide
  a basic set of circumstances (such as national defense) and serve
  as the guarantor of basic rights for citizens. 

  Others seem to believe part of the proper role of government is to
  discourage behaviors they find merely distasteful.

  View with extreme skepticism anyone who loudly proclaims that they
  want less government interference in people's lives while fighting
  tooth and nail to maintain or even expand government involvement
  in people's intimate private lives.  What they usually mean is that
  they want less government interference in their own lives but will
  be happy to tell you how you must run yours.


#35 of 293 by klg on Thu Dec 4 17:18:27 2003:

re:  "#33 (richard):  . . .  Allowing gay marriages would only IMPROVE 
the overrall marriage statistics."

Which "overall" statistics?  And, your proof for that is . . . ?

(Not that we actually expect to receive a direct response.)


#36 of 293 by flem on Thu Dec 4 17:27:32 2003:

Yeah, I don't buy that either.  I don't see any reason to believe that
gay people wouldn't mess marriage up just as often as straight people.  

Of course, this isn't even close to being a reason not to legalize gay
marriage.  


#37 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 4 18:08:23 2003:

Re: #33 : You want gay marriage legalised just so you can gerrymander hte
statistics on lasting marriages.

Re: #34: Yes, exactly.


#38 of 293 by klg on Thu Dec 4 18:10:57 2003:

Based on the following article, Mr. flem may be correct.

http://www.massnews.com/2003_Editions/5_May/053003_mn_gay_definition_of_
marriage_is_not_the_equal_of_heterosexual_marriage.shtml

May 30, 2003
Gay Definition of Marriage is Not the Equal of Heterosexual Marriage
Facts Show Sexual Fidelity Not a Part of Gay Unions - By W. Moran
. . . 
"There is, in fact, a large body of evidence which shows that gay 
relationships are not the equal of what heterosexual marriage is. . .
 
"The first revelation we could examine is commitment.  The 1984 
book "The Gay Couple" was written by a psychiatrist and psychologist 
(who happened to be a homosexual couple). . .  After much searching, 
they were able to locate only 156 couples in lasting relation-
ships. . .  (O)nly 7 couples had actually maintained sexual fidelity 
and none of the seven had been together more than 5 years.

" . . . (H)ow about the health aspect of all this?  Here's something 
from the upscale gay magazine Genre, which surveyed 1037 
readers . . .  "One of the single largest groups in the gay community 
still experiencing an increase of HIV are supposedly monogamous 
couples."  . . .  42% have had sex with more than 100 different 
partners and 16% claim between 40 to 100 partners.(2) . . .

"According to Dr. (Martin) Dannecker . . . (o)f the homosexual men in 
steady relationships . . . "the average number of homosexual contacts 
per person was 115 in the past year."  In contrast, single gay men had 
only 45 sexual contacts. (4)

"According to gay icons Marshall Kirk and Hunter Madsen . . . "The 
cheating ratio of 'married' [committed] gay males, given enough time, 
approaches 100%." (5)

". . . For whatever reasons, and it can be backed up by research and 
anecdotal evidence, few gays form unions that are exclusive to their 
partner. . . ."

(Wally Moran is a life-long journalist and publisher from Ontario.)


#39 of 293 by flem on Thu Dec 4 18:40:49 2003:

I am not even sure exactly what you just tried to put into my mouth, but
it sure wasn't what I said.  


#40 of 293 by keesan on Thu Dec 4 19:09:46 2003:

Not all homosexuals are men.  On my block there were three divorces, all
heterosexual, one heterosexual couple still married, and one female couple
with a kid who had been together a long time and bought a house.


#41 of 293 by gull on Thu Dec 4 23:42:17 2003:

I think it's amusing that conservatives want to deny gays the right to
formally commit to a monogamous relationship, and then they turn around and
complain gays aren't monogamous enough.  It'd be interesting to see
statistics on how monogamous unmarried straight people are.


#42 of 293 by klg on Fri Dec 5 02:19:54 2003:

http://www.icpsr.umich.edu:8080/GSS/rnd1998/reports/t-
reports/topic18.htm

Adult Sexual Behavior in 1989: Number of Partners, Frequency, and Risk

Tom W. Smith NORC

University of Chicago
November, 1989 Revised February, 1989 Revised January, 1991

GSS Topical Report No. 18 Paper presented to the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science, February, 1990, New Orleans 
Publication Notes: A revised version of this paper was published in 
Family Planning Perspectives, 23 (May/June, 1991), 102-107. This 
research was done for the General Social Survey Project directed by 
James A. Davis and Tom W. Smith. The project is funded by the National 
Science Foundation, Grant No. SES-87- 18467.

 . . .Despite much chatter about open marriages and "swinging" and the 
contention by pop and pseudo-scientific studies about the normalcy of 
infidelity (Smith, 1988; Smith, 1989a), Americans actually seem to 
live up to the norm of fidelity fairly well (Greeley, Michael, and 
Smith, 1990).  Over a given year 1.5% of married people have a sex 
partners other than their spouse (Table 3). . . . 


#43 of 293 by russ on Fri Dec 5 02:44:56 2003:

If a man and a woman need a marriage license, what do lesbians need?

A liquor license.


#44 of 293 by johnnie on Fri Dec 5 03:02:23 2003:

re 38:  
>"According to Dr. (Martin) Dannecker . . . (o)f the homosexual men in 
>steady relationships . . . "the average number of homosexual contacts 
>per person was 115 in the past year."  In contrast, single gay men had 
>only 45 sexual contacts.

I'll bet that heteros in steady relationships get a lot more "sexual
contacts" than hetero singles, too.  That's one of the fringe benefits
of goin' steady--it's easier to persuade your partner to jump in the
sack than the blonde at the end of the bar.   

At any rate, Wally Moran might not be the best spokesman regarding what
is moral and what is not:  http://www.goldhawk.com/gfb/20010401.shtml


#45 of 293 by lk on Fri Dec 5 12:20:06 2003:

I think Sindi makes a good point. If "conservatives" want to focus
on gay men and monogamy, as if this would discredit the idea of gay
marriage (which might encourage monogamy), then we should also discredit
heterosexual marriage based on comparisons to lesbian relationships.

Of course, the whole issue of monogamy is a red herring. It's none of our
business what (or with whom) a married couple chooses to do in their bedroom.

That the article in #0 is written by by Nixon's press secretary says a lot.
And Republican strategists might want to take note. I also recently read an
article on this topic by George Will. It wasn't as "liberal", but it also
was not as "homophobic" as Will used to be.  Will elderly voters care more
about gay marriage or the rising cost of prescriptions and health care?
About social security?  And will younger voters be turned off by a
Republican convention reminiscent of 1992?

Much has changed over the last decade or two, and things will continue
to change.  Get used to it.


#46 of 293 by gull on Fri Dec 5 14:37:43 2003:

Re resp:42: That's a statistic for *married* heterosexuals. I asked
about unmarried heterosexuals.  You can't compare statistics for married
heterosexuals to homosexuals because the latter aren't allowed to marry.
 If all the Republican rhetoric about the social benefits of marriage is
right, we ought to see married people being far more monogamous than
people who aren't married.


#47 of 293 by klg on Fri Dec 5 17:47:49 2003:

Mr. johnnie - We believe that "contact" refers to the number of 
different individuals, not to the number of sexual encounter.

Mr. gull - You ought to be asking about hetereosexuals who are married 
or in "committed relationships."  Please refer to my response to Mr. 
johnnie, above.  Your heterosexual friends who are in committed 
relationships have encounters with 115 other people each year?


#48 of 293 by flem on Fri Dec 5 19:34:56 2003:

Maybe instead we should be asking why anyone would care who sleeps with
whom, or what their relative marital statuses are at the time?  


#49 of 293 by johnnie on Fri Dec 5 20:10:07 2003:

Sorry, klg, but the idea that gays in committed relationships are
significantly more promiscuous than their "single" brethren makes no
sense whatsoever, unless one has a deeply pathological view of
homosexuals.  The stat (at least as you're reading it) cannot be true.


#50 of 293 by gull on Fri Dec 5 20:18:18 2003:

Re resp:48: I think whether it's government's job to police that is, in
fact, a good question.


#51 of 293 by gull on Fri Dec 5 20:21:47 2003:

(I do wonder where these people are who, according to klg, are
apparently having sex with 115 other people each year.  I certainly
don't know any of them, and I know a fair number of people who are
bisexual or homosexual.  If they're really finding 115 different
partners every year, that's an awful lot of people involved.)


#52 of 293 by jp2 on Fri Dec 5 20:47:11 2003:

This response has been erased.



#53 of 293 by gull on Fri Dec 5 20:55:09 2003:

Wow.  How come I never get spam advertising videos of *that*?


#54 of 293 by klg on Fri Dec 5 20:55:31 2003:

So what figures have you to present, Mr. gull?

re:  "#49 (johnnie):  Sorry, klg, but the idea that gays in committed 
relationships are significantly more promiscuous than their "single" 
brethren makes no sense whatsoever"

What, then, would it mean to be in a "committed relationship" if not 
exclusivity??  (Call us old-fashioned.)


#55 of 293 by gull on Fri Dec 5 22:10:59 2003:

Okay, taking a closer look at resp:38.

First off, MassNews appears to be a right-wing news site.  This is about
as credible as me quoting Michael Moore to support an argument.  The
fact that this was an "exclusive to MassNews" instead of a story from a
mainstream source should be a big warning sign right from the start.

Your second quote does not give the sample size or how the sample was
gathered.  That makes the numbers meaningless.  Obviously the writer
wants to imply that there were only 156 gay couples in lasting
relationships in the entire known universe, but in reality we don't
know.  No percentage is given, either.  Is that 312 people (156 * 2) out
of 500? 1000? 10,000?  The information is suspiciously lacking, probably
because it doesn't support the writer's argument.

The third quote from the article that you cite, from the gay magazine
Genre, also does not give any information about how the sample was
taken.  If it was a sample of their readership, that's unlikely to be
representative; your sexual orientation has to be a pretty big part of
your lifestyle before you start subscribing to magazines about it.

Also, the article does not support your suggestion that the "115
contacts" were with different people.  It says "the average number of
homosexual contacts per person."  While the article writer clearly wants
us to assume that this implies 115 different people, nothing in the
quote supports that conclusion.  It's hardly shocking that someone in a
committed relationship would have more sex than someone who is single --
especially given the note later in the article that the average Canadian
has sex ("sexual contacts", if you will) 102 times per year.  That
suggests that homosexuals in committed relationships are having 12% more
sex than average, hardly shocking.


#56 of 293 by richard on Sat Dec 6 02:48:48 2003:

#34 is exactly right.  I think klg is not a conservative, because he is overly
concerned with legislating other people's lives and telling other people what
they can and cannot do.  That makes klg more like a communist than a true
conservative.  klg doesn't want people to lead their own lives, because only
klg KNOWS what is right for their personal lives.  Gays and lesbians who are
in love and have made a life commitment to someone else, shouldn't be allowed
to get married-- in klg's view-- because klg knows better how to lead their
lives than they do.  Sheesh.



#57 of 293 by twenex on Sat Dec 6 10:10:47 2003:

Figures != truth. HMG (Her Majesty's Government)
currently estimates that *upto* five thousand
people a year die from "superbugs" contracted
whilst in hospital which are resistant to
antibiotics. Independent research suggest the
number may be closer to *at least* twenty
thousand. Since HMG also claims that the *total*
number of people who are infected with superbugs
is 100,000 a year, unless the independent
statistics have higher figures on the total
number of infections (i.e. those who are infected
and die, and those who are infected but
recover), that's eithe one hell of a discrepancy,
or one hell of a large proportion of the total
*and* a large discrepancy.

(The discrepancy arises because the methods of
recrding death certificates are not sufficiently
rigorous to record every case of death which was
*not* the direct result of infection with a
superbug, but where such infection was a
contributing factor. Thus HMG's figurtes are in
fact extrapolited from US Govt. statistics,
adjusting for demographicsd and population size.)


#58 of 293 by gelinas on Sat Dec 6 18:53:39 2003:

("Figures don't lie, but liars figure.")


#59 of 293 by klg on Sun Dec 7 03:43:02 2003:

Yes, Mr. gull.  The (gay) people who conducted the studies actually 
want to make homosexuals look bad.  Makes sense to us!


Mr. richard,
Watch your blood pressure (and please either use a dictionary or cease 
using terms that, quite obviously, you do not understand)!  We have no 
desire for governmental control of how homosexcuals wish to conduct 
their personal lives.  But, quite obviously, since marriage is 
commonly known as a relationship between two people of different 
sexes, then people of the same sex cannot marry each other.  We have 
no desire to change a definition for a social institution that has 
been effective and useful for thousands of years.  (Which, we would 
think, is the definition of conservative.)
regards, 
klg


#60 of 293 by lk on Sun Dec 7 06:30:51 2003:

I strongly suspect that the "surveys" referenced were as scientific as
web polls. Vote early, vote often, and tell us whatever fancy you wish.
Brag and exaggerate to your heart's content. And never mind that the
survey was conducted in a porn magazine that is self-selective and not
representative of the gay population....

All of which misses the point.  We don't deny marriage to heterosexuals
because some of them lack fidelity.  Why should we deny marriage to
homosexuals for that reason?!


#61 of 293 by willcome on Sun Dec 7 07:06:57 2003:

Because they're fags.


#62 of 293 by keesan on Sun Dec 7 15:12:24 2003:

Marriage would not be the first word to change its meaning.  Family used to
be the people who lived in your house and worked for you.


#63 of 293 by jmsaul on Sun Dec 7 15:57:36 2003:

   Quite obviously, since marriage is 
   commonly known as a relationship between two people of different 
   sexes, then people of the same sex cannot marry each other

It was equally obvious, once upon a time, that women shouldn't have the
right to vote.  That black people shouldn't be allowed to use the same
water fountains as white people, or serve in the same military units as
them.


#64 of 293 by twenex on Sun Dec 7 16:07:12 2003:

Of course, since you don't fall off or lose your balance, the world must be
flat, too.


#65 of 293 by klg on Sun Dec 7 23:22:40 2003:

re:  62.  Ahhh.  So you understand what we are getting at.

and Mr. jmsaul tries to take us off on tangents.


#66 of 293 by jmsaul on Mon Dec 8 01:51:43 2003:

No, I'm pointing out that "it's always been this way, so it's obvious we
shouldn't do it any other way" is a dumb argument.  


#67 of 293 by scott on Mon Dec 8 04:15:31 2003:

My favorite take on this argument comes from a very old Doonesbury cartoon:
Clyde (a black male):  I heard you're gay.
Andy (a gay male):      I heard you're black.
Clyde:          Yeah, but that's normal.
Andy:           Didn't used to be.


#68 of 293 by bru on Mon Dec 8 04:19:27 2003:

Okay we shouldn't do it that way because marriage is a religious ceremony,
a sacrament, and homosexuality is a sin.  as such, they are not entitled to
teh sacraments of CHRISTIAN marriage.  If they can find a religion that
sanctions gay relationships, then they should join that religion.

civil relationshios are another matter.  If they wish to establish a civil
union, then they should be so allowed.  But then you also have to offer said
civil union to other lifestyle choices.

Say cousins, uncles and nieces, mother adn son, father and daughter, cats adn
dogs, as nauseum.


#69 of 293 by scott on Mon Dec 8 04:23:57 2003:

It's been possible to get a completely civil marriage from mayors, ship's
captains, etc., for many many years now.  Marriages with all the same legal
rights, responsibilities, privileges, and the same license as a church
marriage.


#70 of 293 by bru on Mon Dec 8 05:13:36 2003:

Note I didn't say Civil Marriage, rather civil union.


#71 of 293 by bhoward on Mon Dec 8 05:19:35 2003:

So if marriage is a religious ceremony, do you think there should be
such a thing as Civil Marriage?

Would you prefer to see the current form civil marriage generalized into
this concept of civil union or would you want to see two separate forms
of civil ceremony maintained, one for marriage and one for unions?


#72 of 293 by lk on Mon Dec 8 09:36:02 2003:

The term "civil marriage" already [um] divorces the term from "religous
marriage" and any divine connotation that may have to some people.
Or would you also argue for "Muslim Unions", too?

If god[s] consider 2 people to be married is between them and their god[s].

What the state considers is an entirely different issue, one which involves
the separation of church and state.


#73 of 293 by bru on Mon Dec 8 13:57:12 2003:

marriage still denotes a man and a woman and does not violate any religious
laws even if it is non-religious in function.

Why do the gay members of this society feel the need to have a union between
them be a "marriage"?  Is it not because they want to weaken the bonds, or
expand the borders of what is exceptable to the majority of our citizens?


#74 of 293 by keesan on Mon Dec 8 14:05:01 2003:

Webster:  Marriage:  3.  an intimate or close union.


#75 of 293 by mynxcat on Mon Dec 8 14:10:21 2003:

This response has been erased.



#76 of 293 by mynxcat on Mon Dec 8 14:12:43 2003:

Like "The marriage of two minds"

That is a good point keesan. By using the word "marriage", I don't 
think the religios angle should be implied. After all, a lot of 
atheists get married. Just because they don't believe in God doesn't 
mean that their marriages are not recognised.


#77 of 293 by edina on Mon Dec 8 16:01:49 2003:

Exactly - a marriage is performed by a myriad of people - clergy, politicians,
judges, sea captains, various m-netters . . .only the clergy make it a
"religious" union.  Other than that, it's all legality.  


#78 of 293 by jp2 on Mon Dec 8 16:08:20 2003:

This response has been erased.



#79 of 293 by gull on Mon Dec 8 16:31:12 2003:

Re resp:56: You're confused.  Trying to control other people's private
lives doesn't make you communist, it makes you authoritarian.  Communism
is more of an economic philosophy, but when governments implement it
they tend to result to authoritarianism to maintain control.  Hence the
confusion between the two.

Re resp:59: The problem is the studies are being quoted out of context.
 The writer of the article is cherry-picking passages that support his
position, then saying "but see, it's from something by a gay group" to
lend more legitimacy.

Re resp:68: Marriage, as practiced in the U.S., is both a civil and a
religious ceremony.  I'm all for seperating the two, as suggested in
resp:71; perhaps everyone (regardless of sexual orientation) should get
a civil union that carries the secular benefits currently associated
with marriage, and then if they want to have their church "marry them in
the eyes of God" they can go ahead and do so.  I expect to see this
happen in the U.S. about the time pigs fly, however; we seem to be
heading towards *more* ties between church and government lately, not less.

Re resp:73: Actually, I don't know anyone who favors it because they
want to "weaken the bonds" of marriage.  Actually, most people I know
who favor gay marriage favor it because they *want* the strong bond that
marriage represents.  Tell someone you have "a partner", and the
suggestion is that you could seperate at any time.  Tell someone you're
"married", and there's a whole different and entirely more favorable set
of assumptions.

Let me repeat the point again, more clearly:  I know of NO group or
individual who is proposing gay marriage because they deliberately want
to weaken marriage as an institution.  That's not to say there aren't
ulterior motives.  Some people see it as a stepping stone to greater
acceptance of their lifestyle by society.  But destroying the
institution of marriage is *not* one of the motives here.

If you're worried about marriage losing its strength and reputation as
an institution, you might want to start talking to FOX about shows like
"Married by America" and "Joe Millionaire".  I know they generally get a
pass from the right for supporting FOX News, but I think that the FOX
network has done more to weaken marriage than any other institution in
the last couple of years.

Re resp:77: Actually, sea captains cannot legally perform marriages in
the U.S.


#80 of 293 by mynxcat on Mon Dec 8 16:44:02 2003:

Neither can m-netters, for that matter :)


#81 of 293 by gelinas on Mon Dec 8 17:06:52 2003:

As I understand things, gays ar looking to marriage for the ancillaries:
next-of-kin, inheritance, joint tax returns.

In the European novels involving a wedding that I've read, two marriage
ceremonies, one civil and one religious, are common.

NB:  polyandry and polygyny have both been practiced, with success.  Marriage
is not necessarily _a_ man and _a_ woman.


#82 of 293 by mynxcat on Mon Dec 8 17:20:24 2003:

A lot of Indian marriages are conducted with two ceremonies - the 
religious and the civil. The civil one is really just the signing of 
the marriage certificate, but it's separate from the religious one.


#83 of 293 by gull on Mon Dec 8 17:27:36 2003:

Re resp:81: Some just want the civil features of marriage, yes.  Those
are the people who fully support civil union laws.  But there are some
people who also want the symbolism of marriage, and they aren't so keen
on the "seperate but equal" arrangement a civil union would represent.

Personally, I'd be happy to see either one succeed.  I think a civil
union  arrangement is more likely, because a lot of people have a
visceral negative reaction to the word "marriage" being attached to
anything but a traditional male/femaile relationship.


#84 of 293 by klg on Mon Dec 8 17:29:35 2003:

re # 74:  Ooops... It appears Ms. keesan made a boo-boo - like leaving 
out the most relevant part of the definition, which follows.  (We 
suppose we would have no moral objections to a painting marrying a 
poem, if that makes you feel any better.)  

Marriage
1 a : the state of being  married b : the mutual relation of husband 
and wife : c : the institution whereby men and women are joined in a 
special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding 
and maintaining a family
2 : an act of marrying or the rite by which the married status is 
effected; especially : the wedding ceremony and attendant festivities 
or formalities
3 : an intimate or close union <the marriage of painting and poetry>

(Was it the Chesire cat who stated that words mean only what he says 
they mean?  Clearly, that was illogical to Mr. Carroll - and it is 
illogical today.)


re:  "#79 (gull): Re resp:56: You're confused.. . ."

Which is not unsual for Mr. richard.

"Actually, I don't know anyone who favors it because they
want to "weaken the bonds" of marriage."

Perhaps you do not.  But, then again, there is the law of unintended 
consequences.


re:  "#81 of 82 by Joe (gelinas) on Mon Dec 8 12:06:52 2003: 

As I understand things, gays ar looking to marriage for the ancillaries:
next-of-kin, inheritance, joint tax returns."

All of which can be arranged in the absence of marriage.

"polyandry and polygyny have both been practiced, with success."

Really?!?!?!?!


#85 of 293 by lk on Mon Dec 8 17:37:40 2003:

Bruce, the whole point behind the separation of church and state is that
it doesn't matter if what you do violates religious laws provided you
don't violate civil law. The latter rules for everyone, the former only
for those who wish them (to some extent or another).

Thus, eating pork violates religious rules -- no less than a gay marriage
does. (And yet some people who don't eat pork will eat shrimp, which is
no less an offense.)

Religion does not own a trade-mark on the word "marriage", and as gull
said extending marriage is neither intended to nor does it weaken it.
You don't believe that "infidel" Muslim "marriage" weakens the meaning
of Christian marriage -- do you?

You may also want to look into a book by Boswell about gay marriages
performed in the early years of the Church.


#86 of 293 by bru on Mon Dec 8 20:35:14 2003:

Did I say anything against any other religion?  Does any other religion
endorse gay marriage?  Or do other religions hold gay relationships as an
abomination?


#87 of 293 by mcnally on Mon Dec 8 20:44:05 2003:

  There are a number of smaller Christian churches that have
  elected to perform gay marriages and an even larger number
  that wouldn't perform such a ceremony (yet?) but would stop
  well short of considering it "an abomination."



#88 of 293 by flem on Mon Dec 8 20:48:33 2003:

If you want to consider marriage to be a purely religious arrangement on
 which a particular religion can impose whatever conditions it likes,
that's fine with me -- but only if being married has no legal
implications whatsoever for anyone.  Because of the *legal* priveleges
accorded to married couples, the Supreme Court of MA has quite correctly
declared that it is unconstitutional to deny marriage to gays.  You
can't have it both ways.  Either the legal priveleges go along with
marriage as a package deal and anyone can get married, or marriage can
be restricted but it has no legal consequences.  

I think we require religiously married couples to have a separate civil
union ceremony before they receive any legal benefits.  


#89 of 293 by gull on Mon Dec 8 21:06:35 2003:

This response has been erased.



#90 of 293 by gull on Mon Dec 8 21:07:18 2003:

Re resp:84: Hmm...so if we're supposed to take your definition as the
final word, that means anyone who cannot have children shouldn't be
allowed to marry, right?  ("...for the purpose of founding 
and maintaining a family")


#91 of 293 by happyboy on Mon Dec 8 22:53:49 2003:

re86: do some research, stink-o.


#92 of 293 by keesan on Mon Dec 8 23:39:34 2003:

Just because there are three definitions in Webster does not mean that you
have to fit ALL of them.  You get a choice.
Isn't it the marriage of true minds not two minds?


#93 of 293 by vidar on Tue Dec 9 00:02:05 2003:

What seems to be happening here is a case of "you have to do what I 
believe is right, because if you believe differently than me you are 
WRONG and will GO TO HELL."  I got way too much of this attitude when I 
went to school in Malaysia, and please excuse my language, but I showed 
them that I wasn't swallowing any of the shit they tried to feed me.


#94 of 293 by jmsaul on Tue Dec 9 01:25:48 2003:

Bruce, there are a number of Christian denominations that would be happy to
marry gay couples if gay marriage were legal under the civil laws.


#95 of 293 by lk on Tue Dec 9 03:33:54 2003:

In addition, Reform Judaism and some Conservative Rabbis will perform gay
marriage ceremonies. Again, due to the law, they can only issue religous,
but not legal, certificates.

I'm also not sure you understood my example regarding "infidel Muslim
marriage".  If the term "marriage" can be applied to "infidels" without
weakening the institution, why would applying it to a loving Christian
couple (who happened to be gay) weaken it?

Furthermore, if either of these can be said to weaken the institution, then
it must be pretty weak on its own merits.  I don't believe it is. Do you?


#96 of 293 by klg on Tue Dec 9 04:01:36 2003:

re:  "#92 (keesan):  Just because there are three definitions in 
Webster does not mean that you have to fit ALL of them..."

Certainly not.  You just need to fit the RELEVANT ONES.


Mr. flem,
Anyone CAN get married.  (Well, perhaps it may be limited to non-
institutionalized, competent humans of age who are not related by 
blood or currently married.)  Except, one cannot marry somebody of the 
same sex.


#97 of 293 by twenex on Tue Dec 9 08:36:27 2003:

#86 is a PERFECT example of why one should NEVER trust a conservative:
they expect you to do what they want, because if you don't, you're
gonna be subject to hellfire and damnation in their eyes, whether or
not this is actually going to happen when you die. But, of course, it
is ok for them to do whatever the hell they want, because the end
justifies the means.

Once again, conservatism shows it's Ultimate Power: The power to
disgust and horrify anyone with a brain.


#98 of 293 by slynne on Tue Dec 9 18:44:06 2003:

If certain religions are willing to marry homosexuals, is a violation 
of constitutional freedom of religion protection to deny those people 
the usual legal rights associated with marriage? Or is religion not 
really a part of the secular, civil definition of marriage? And if 
religion is not part of the secular, civil definition of marriage, why 
are we limiting it only one man and one woman?


#99 of 293 by twenex on Tue Dec 9 18:51:38 2003:

Depends on your POV. In the uk, divorcees getting married in church is
not allowed. So civil marriage is the way to go; OTOH, many people
choose to marry in registry offices anyway.


#100 of 293 by flem on Tue Dec 9 19:36:49 2003:

re #96: Come on, klg.  You used to be better at the straw man bit. 
You've been slipping recently.  Pull yourself together, man.  

What I don't understand is that, even though you religious conservative
types know perfectly well that gay couples are going to burn in hell for
all eternity, you feel the need to persecute them further in this world.
 Can't you leave the moral judgements to God?  Don't you think he's up
to it?  


#101 of 293 by gull on Tue Dec 9 19:46:50 2003:

I think the idea is that if they make homosexuals' lives miserable
enough, they'll convert to heterosexuality, thus saving their souls.


#102 of 293 by flem on Tue Dec 9 19:53:57 2003:

I think you're being a lot more generous to them than I would. 


#103 of 293 by bru on Tue Dec 9 20:03:31 2003:

well, I suppose that is one way to look at it.  The other way is that "IF"
it is a sin, it is the duty of the Christian "not" to accept them into society
without pointing it out to them.


#104 of 293 by vidar on Tue Dec 9 20:21:27 2003:

I tried Christianity in my childhood.  While I came to disagree with 
the teachings, I was never taught to hate by my Church.


#105 of 293 by happyboy on Tue Dec 9 20:45:35 2003:

at least not *directly*.


#106 of 293 by keesan on Tue Dec 9 21:59:14 2003:

In Ireland, you can be divorced from a non-Catholic and then marry a Catholic
in a Catholic church because the church thinks you were never married to the
non-Catholic in the first place.  Never mind that you had a legal marriage
and a child during the first marriage.  And they overlook the child with the
second spouse-to-be which preceeded that marriage.


#107 of 293 by bhoward on Tue Dec 9 23:52:22 2003:

Sindi, I believe you are mixing up church and civil rules for divorce
in Ireland.  The rules for divorce are certainly stricter but do not,
as far as I know, make any formal recognition or distinction of
the religion of the individuals divorcing.  I'm not even certain they
could, legally, under EC regulation.

Here is a URL which may shed more light on the "in's and out's" of
this:

        http://www.oasis.gov.ie/relationships/separation_divorce/


#108 of 293 by keesan on Wed Dec 10 01:16:57 2003:

I am referring to church rules.  The civil divorce took part in the USA.


#109 of 293 by jmsaul on Wed Dec 10 01:19:32 2003:

Re #103:  Feel free to point it out, but stop legislating against it.


#110 of 293 by richard on Wed Dec 10 03:23:42 2003:

klg, in an earlier response, stated:

"We have
 no desire to change a definition for a social institution that has
 been effective and useful for thousands of years."

so are you saying that if something has been in place for thousands of
years, that you do not think it should be changed?  That this is the
"definition" or a "definition" of conservatism.  In other words, klg is
admitting that he would have been against women's liberation and the civil
rights movement, and every other time that we have attempted to have
social change for the better.  klg thinks NO social change is for the
better then-- he'd rather blacks were still slaves, and women were still
property of men, and neither were allowed to vote or be educated.  Because
it had "been in place"  

klg is saying don't change society, don't try to make it better, stay in
the past.  well I know of conservatives who would argue with klg's
definition of "conservatism"  William Safire for one, whose column opened
this item.  Conservatism ISN'T about rejecting change, anymore than
liberalism is about changing when its not necessary.  

What you see happening is natural.  We evolved as a species, so why
shouldn't our culture evolve as well.  Why shouldn't our culture evolve
and change and grow and adapt when it seems right to do so?  Just because
something has been in place for thousands of years DOESN'T mean it
shouldn't be changed if in fact it is RIGHT to change.  If we don't have
the courage to change even our oldest institutions, then we lack the
courage of our convictions.  The insitution of marriage can be better, it
can be stronger, it can be something more people what to be a part of.
But right now, the divorce rate is escalating and many younger people
don't even see the point in marrying.  That tells you change is necessary.
That tells you that marriage, even if as an institution it has been in
place for thousands of years, is not indestructible.  

If we do not legalize gay marriage, just as if we had not legalized inter
racial marriage (which used to be illegal in many states), marriage itself
as an instutution would be under attack.  It would continue to lose
relevance to younger generations, and become outdated.  If klg CARES about
the institution of marriage, he should want it to grow and adapt with the
times.  



#111 of 293 by jep on Wed Dec 10 04:57:04 2003:

Richard, because you are a liberal (the opposite of conservative), 
doesn't it follow from your definition of conservative that you must 
be in favor of *every* change, regardless of who it will benefit or 
who it will harm, or in what way, or with what intentions?

Klg didn't say anything like what you said.

Your definition of "conservative" couldn't possibly be a real 
philosophy of anyone's.  Everyone wants change.  Every single person.  
Those various types of people whom you collectively and 
indiscriminately define as "conservative" certainly want changes.

According to your definition, no one could possibly fail to 
oppose "conservativism".  It's a fantasy definition, only useful to a 
very limited sort of person.  Some real people are conservative, and 
some of those are honest, passionate and thoughtful.  Conservatives 
don't fit your view in any way.

Do you really need your straw men to blow away so easily?  I imagine 
you to be over the age of 12.  It might be time to inject a little 
realism into your political views.  Just a little.


#112 of 293 by other on Wed Dec 10 05:40:44 2003:

Good luck.


#113 of 293 by lk on Wed Dec 10 06:58:28 2003:

What slynne said in #98.

It's true, klg specifically restricted his argument to the "definition
for a social institution that has been effective and useful for thousands
of years".

But klg is still in error.

For starters, it was Rabbi Gershom who outlawed polygamy amongst Jews.
Only a mere thousand years ago (not thousands), indicating that this
institution can and has changed even in some of the most conservative
corners.

More widely and to the point, the institution of marriage has changed
dramatically in the last hundred and some years. Few here enter into
arranged marriages. In fact, most people marry for love.  Scandalous!!

Even more recently, as Richard correctly points out, we've come to
accept inter-faith and inter-racial marriages.

Those who value marriage shouldn't be asking if the institution has been
"effective and useful for thousands of years" but if it will continue to
be so.

I ask (again): how does the marriage of homosexuals weaken the institution?
Does the marriage of atheists, "infidel Muslims" or pagans not likewise
offend your God and weaken the institution?


#114 of 293 by mary on Wed Dec 10 11:46:42 2003:

What possible difference does a sex organ have on whether
a relationship is good, and loving, and committed?  Lots
of heterosexual people don't want to create children but
they can marry.  Lots of happily married people don't 
have sex where tab A goes into slot B, yet we aren't telling
them they aren't really "married".  Orifices don't define
a marriage.  It's the relationship.  


#115 of 293 by twenex on Wed Dec 10 15:02:39 2003:

Re: #10: Yeah, I agree. I often hear conservatives who say "If it
asin't broke don't fix it," bellowed in opposition to everything from
gay marriage to legalization of homosexuality to membership of the EU.
What they don't seem to realize is, just because they don't think it's
broken doesn't mean liberals/socialists/libertarians/centrists do.


#116 of 293 by klg on Wed Dec 10 17:48:17 2003:

re:  ". . . #113 (lk):  For starters, it was Rabbi Gershom who outlawed 
polygamy amongst Jews.  Only a mere thousand years ago (not 
thousands), . . . ."

Well, you got me there - technically. But, you full well know that in 
Judaism technical and practical often are at two ends of the spectrum.  
(For example, what is a father, according to Torah, supposed to be able 
to do to discipline a rebellious son??  Can you cite a single instance 
in which that punishment has been carried out or allowec???)  But, 
specifically to the subject at hand:

"Polygamy was permitted in the Bible.  However, already in Biblical 
times, it was viewed with some suspicion and subjected to both ethical 
and legal restrictions.  In particular, the Torah stipulated (Exodus 
21:10) that when a man took a second wife, he could not reduce the 
first wife's rightful portion of food, clothing, or conjugal 
relations.  The early rabbinic period, also, treated polygamy as 
allowed, but discouraged.  I can't recall any Talmudic rabbi that had 
more than one wife (at a time)."

http://www.kolel.org

So, as you well know, Jews have, in practical terms, been monogamists  
for thousands of years.


Furthermore, you are well aware that we are not talking about 
the "institution of marriage," but of the definition of marriage.  
While the former may have changed, the vast majority of people are not 
interested in changing the latter, i.e., one man and one woman.  


re:  "#114 (mary):  What possible difference does a sex organ have on 
whether a relationship is good, and loving, and committed? . . . ."

What possible difference does species make if the relationship is good, 
loving and committed?


#117 of 293 by gull on Wed Dec 10 18:45:44 2003:

Nice straw man, but so far I'm not aware of any species that can
intelligently commit to a relationship, other than human beings.


#118 of 293 by gull on Wed Dec 10 18:46:45 2003:

(If, it some point in the future, we encounter intelligent alien life,
then we may have to consider the question of inter-species marriage.  I
don't expect it to come up any time soon, however.)


#119 of 293 by mynxcat on Wed Dec 10 19:52:41 2003:

"(For example, what is a father, according to Torah, supposed to be 
able 
to do to discipline a rebellious son??  Can you cite a single instance 
in which that punishment has been carried out or allowec???)  "

I'm curious - what is a father allowed to do?


#120 of 293 by richard on Wed Dec 10 20:29:05 2003:

re #111..JEP, you misread my last response, I said:

Conservatism ISN'T about rejecting change, anymore than
 liberalism is about changing when its not necessary.   

So I agree with you.  In fact your diatribe should have been directed at klg,
it is KLG who sees conservatism as accepting given definitions and refusing
to change. 

And who made this definition that marriage means between a man and a woman?
as leeron points out, polygamy used to be accepted in biblical times. This
is a different world now than it was a thousand or two thousand years ago,
or even a hundred years ago.  We can't grow and develop as a society unless
we have the willingness to broaden and expand our philosophies and views to
reflect how the world has broadened and expanded.

Surely you can see that JEP.  And no being liberal doesn't mean thinking that
ANY change that is a change is good either.  We each have to decide for
ourselves what is right and what is wrong, and those judgements have to be
made every day, and we should make those judgements based on how the world
is today, now how the world was two thousand years ago.  


#121 of 293 by klg on Wed Dec 10 20:33:42 2003:

(I don't exactly remember.  But it sure isn't sparing the rod.  The 
point is, though, the what is "permitted" is not practiced.)


#122 of 293 by richard on Wed Dec 10 20:39:18 2003:

And JEP you are hypocritical if you defend conservatives as honest, passionate
and thoughtful, and don't see liberals as being such too.  But you did, you
belittled me for being a liberal when in fact I specifically noted William
Safire, whose column I posted, is a conservative who disagrees with klg.  

I think that a "realistic" political philosophy is one that accepts a world
where change is constant and people are continually growing and developing.
So I really don't know where you are coming from.

And Other, what was that "good luck" comment you posted for? klg is the one
who still wants to live in biblical times


#123 of 293 by klg on Wed Dec 10 20:45:32 2003:

(Speak for yourself, Mr. richard.)


#124 of 293 by mynxcat on Wed Dec 10 21:04:18 2003:

Re 121 (I know the point that was being made. I'm still curious as to 
what Jewish fathers are allowed to do to their rebellious sons)


#125 of 293 by willcome on Wed Dec 10 22:48:03 2003:

Eat them.


#126 of 293 by jep on Thu Dec 11 05:18:32 2003:

I stepped into something I shouldn't have; the klg-richard debate, 
which doesn't really matter to me.  Sorry.  I'm out of that one again.


#127 of 293 by scott on Thu Dec 11 14:43:18 2003:

It's always tempting to get involved, isn't it?  ;)


#128 of 293 by lk on Thu Dec 11 16:36:15 2003:

Klg, I'll concede the point that what is permitted is not always what
is practiced -- since that isn't a point I made.

In the specific case of polygamy amongst Jews, you might recall that
Yemenite Jews didn't receive R. Gershom's letter and continued to
practice polygamy into the 20th century (a custom not foreign to the
Muslim world in which they lived, though I'm not sure how widespread
this practice was amongst the Jews -- but it did happen.).

So at least amongst Yemenite Jews this did change in the last 100
years, which builds up to the rest of what I said which you ignored:

More widely and to the point, the institution of marriage has changed
dramatically in the last hundred and some years. Few here enter into
arranged marriages. In fact, most people marry for love.  Scandalous!!

Even more recently, as Richard correctly points out, we've come to
accept inter-faith and inter-racial marriages.

Let me clarify that these are changes of definitions. Your new
definition just happens to be a superset of the old definitions.

Christians defined marriage as a wedding between a Christian man
and a Christian woman.

Likewise marriage was commonly defined (as practiced!) as being
between a man and a woman of the same "race".

In turn, my definition is a superset of yours.  (Shall we call
this the evolution of an idea and institution?)

The point is that both practices and definitions have changed over the
past 100-150 years.

Those who value marriage shouldn't be asking if the institution has been
"effective and useful for thousands of years" but if it will continue to
be so.

I ask (again): how does the marriage of homosexuals weaken the institution?
Does the marriage of atheists, "infidel Muslims" or pagans not likewise
offend your God and weaken the institution?


#129 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 11 16:48:06 2003:

You might want to try indenting, or otherwise marking, the bit's your
quoting, as in the post above it's qite difficult to discern which
parts are written by you, and which are quoted.


#130 of 293 by klg on Thu Dec 11 17:12:39 2003:

for mynxcat:

When a man has a son who is stubborn and a rebel one who does not 
listen to the voice of his father or to the voice of his mother and 
they discipline him and he still does not listen to them.
Then his father and his mother are to grab him and drag him to the town 
elders in the gates of his place And they are to say to the town 
elders, "Our son is stubborn and a rebel he does not listen to our 
voice he is a glutton and a drunkard!"
Then all the men of the town are to pelt him with stones so that he 
dies.  So shall you burn the evil out of your midst's and all Israel 
will hear and be awed.
. . . 
These are later rabbis' interpretations of my verse from the Torah:

When a man has a wayward and rebellious son who does not obey his 
father or mother, they shall have him flogged. If he still does not 
listen to them, then his father and mother must grasp him and bring him 
to the elders of the city and say "Our son is a wayward and rebellious 
child, he does not listen to us and he is an exceptional glutton and 
drunkard"

In order to be stoned, the boy must be between the ages of 13 and 13 
and one quarter. The law does not apply to girls. The boy will be 
flogged with 39 lashes only if he eats the meal of the rebellious son 
which is forbidden.

Both the mother and father must agree to bring him to the local Supreme 
Court of 23 judges.

By tradition, the rebellious son must steal money from his father, and 
buy 50 dinars of meat, and eat it rare outside of his father's property 
in bad company. This is the act which must be witnessed by two 
additional people besides his parents in order for the son to be put to 
death. He must also drink a half a log (5 ounces) of wine with the 
meal. It is forbidden for a boy of this age to eat such a meal at any 
time.

If the punishment is carried out, the boy will be hung up by his hands 
just before sunset for the town to see and immediately taken down again 
after sunset.

These laws have been put in by rabbis in earlier centuries and changed 
and made into an interpretation of what the words mean so that there 
will never be a child killed.


#131 of 293 by mynxcat on Thu Dec 11 17:26:28 2003:

Interesting. Thanks klg


#132 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 11 17:27:07 2003:

Why 13 and 13 and 3/4?


#133 of 293 by klg on Thu Dec 11 17:39:16 2003:

That would be: "13 and 13 and 1/4"

Why?  We would guess:
13 = the Jewish religious age of majority for males.
Have no idea why the "1/4."  Perhaps based on some other source in 
order to generate the shortest possible period consistent with the 
subject under discussion.  Feel free to search for the answer yourself, 
if you care.

BTW - The whole of 130 was lifted from a website.


#134 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 11 17:46:08 2003:

Oh, you mean you can *start* between 13 and 13 and 1/4? The way i read
it was you can only stone boys between 13 and 13 and 1/4.


#135 of 293 by mynxcat on Thu Dec 11 17:47:15 2003:

If they did their best to ensure the shortest possible time in which a child
could be killed, and worded it so that no child was killed, why bother having
that law in teh first place?


#136 of 293 by klg on Thu Dec 11 18:03:53 2003:

"In order to be stoned, the boy must be between the ages of 13 and 13 
and one quarter."

Why???  The explanation would most likely depend upon one's 
interpretation of the origins and meanings of the Torah.  Our's would 
be that it contains a moral/ethical message that goes beyond its 
literal reading.  Similar to "an eye for an eye," which "means" to us 
the penalty for taking an eye is monetary compensation for the value of 
the loss of an eye - not putting out the perpetrator's eye.


#137 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 11 18:07:16 2003:

That's a good point.


#138 of 293 by rcurl on Fri Dec 12 02:11:59 2003:

What a pagan practice....


#139 of 293 by klg on Fri Dec 12 03:35:53 2003:

You in favor of blinding the guy?


#140 of 293 by bru on Fri Dec 12 05:58:29 2003:

and remember, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" are maximums, not
minimums.  You can never do more than that to the violater.  You can do less.


#141 of 293 by lk on Fri Dec 12 08:05:04 2003:

Actually, the saying has nothing to do with body parts (or, necessarily) money.
It's just saying that the penalty needs to be comensurate with the crime.
It's an idiom to the tune of "apples to apples" vs. "apples to oranges".

The latter which describes the drift we've just experienced. (:

Re#129: Jeff, I was not quoting anyone else in #128 (if you referred to me).
I was quoting what I said previously and clarifying it with more commentary
as per what klg had said in response.


#142 of 293 by twenex on Fri Dec 12 09:18:13 2003:

Still, what you were quoting would have been clearer indented...


#143 of 293 by lk on Fri Dec 12 17:00:18 2003:

OK, here it again, indented as requested:
(Though, as I was quoting myself, I changed a word or two for clarity.)

 In the specific case of polygamy amongst Jews, you might recall that
 Yemenite Jews didn't receive R. Gershom's letter and continued to
 practice polygamy into the 20th century (a custom not foreign to the
 Muslim world in which they lived, though I'm not sure how widespread
 this practice was amongst the Jews -- but it did happen.).
 
 So at least amongst Yemenite Jews this did change in the last 100
 years, which builds up to the rest of what I said which you ignored:
 
> More widely and to the point, the institution of marriage has changed
> dramatically in the last hundred and some years. Few here enter into
> arranged marriages. In fact, most people marry for love.  Scandalous!!
 
> Even more recently, as Richard correctly points out, we've come to
> accept inter-faith and inter-racial marriages.
 
 Let me clarify that these are changes of definitions. Your new
 definition just happens to be a superset of the old definitions.
 
 Christians defined marriage as a wedding between a Christian man
 and a Christian woman.
 
 Likewise marriage was commonly defined (as practiced!) as being
 between a man and a woman of the same "race".
 
 In turn, my definition is a superset of yours.  (Shall we call
 this the evolution of an idea and institution?)
 
 The point is that both practices and definitions have changed over the
 past 100-150 years.
 
> Those who value marriage shouldn't be asking if the institution has been
> "effective and useful for thousands of years" but if it will continue to
> be so.
 
> I ask (again): how does the marriage of homosexuals weaken the institution?
> Does the marriage of atheists, "infidel Muslims" or pagans not likewise
> offend your God and weaken the institution?


#144 of 293 by twenex on Fri Dec 12 17:29:24 2003:

Thanks.


#145 of 293 by bru on Fri Dec 12 19:36:45 2003:

Muslims worship the same God jews and Christians do.  It just that they have
teh "particulars" wrong.  The same God the Mormons do, but they have the
"particulars" wrong.

Forget religion.  For most of human history, people have practiced a one man,
one woman relationship.  A Nuclear family, if you will.

That doesn't mean people have not strayed.
That doesn't mean some nations haven't allowed multiple marriages.
That doesn't discount the harems.
That doesn't discount prostitution.

But the majority of human societies have practiced one on one relationships.
Nature built us that way, that is why we get jealous, thats why men commit
some murders.  Because an uncontrolable age seeks to remove those who cheat
on them.  (women do this as well)

It is a lot deeper in us than religion creates.  It is rather something that
religion tries to control, to regulate, to codify.  So people who are to dumb
to see the reality in society have a place where they can be instructed in
how the society expects them to behave.

God, or nature (if you prefer) made us want to be monogomous.


#146 of 293 by willcome on Fri Dec 12 19:40:18 2003:

No-way, man, it's the lack of mushrooms in the diet.


#147 of 293 by drew on Fri Dec 12 19:41:32 2003:

Re #140:
    The idea that these are maximums makes sense, but do you have a specific
reference for this?


#148 of 293 by edina on Fri Dec 12 20:02:21 2003:

For most of human history there have been a one man, one woman relationship?
What??  I mean, for the longest time, humans didn't even realize that sex is
what led to children, and sex was just an urge to fulfill.


#149 of 293 by gull on Fri Dec 12 20:23:38 2003:

Re resp:145: Even a casual reading of the Bible suggests that "one man,
one woman" has been the exception, rather than the rule, for much of
human history.  Maybe you should be specific about what parts of human
history you're counting, and what parts you're editing out.

A lot of conservatives seem to feel that the 1950's were the American
utopia.  They take the norms of that time -- nuclear families, the man
going out and earning money, the woman staying home and raising quiet,
respecful kids, etc. -- and try to filter the rest of history to make it
seem like things were always and should always be that way.


#150 of 293 by keesan on Fri Dec 12 20:41:49 2003:

During periods of warfare there is a man shortage, which is why people are
adaptable to various forms of family structure, otherwise the population would
decrease among any group that could not adapt.  Was there anything resembling
formal marriage in hunter-gatherer societies, or is it more like the situation
now, where people couple for a while and then drift apart?  


#151 of 293 by bru on Fri Dec 12 23:59:25 2003:

edina, when do you think humanity learned sex led to babies?  Had to be at
the point they started domestication of animals.  Right?

100,000 years ago?


#152 of 293 by gelinas on Sat Dec 13 00:37:09 2003:

uhhh...  I'm not sure how much I believe this, but it has been said
that certain islanders of the South Pacific had NOT put it together by
the time European ethnographers visited them in the nineteenth or ealy
twentieth century.


#153 of 293 by happyboy on Sat Dec 13 03:08:00 2003:

i think polygamy is just fine for some women, but they should be
able to treat all of their husbands EQUALLY.

re151: prove it, officer stink-o.


#154 of 293 by lk on Sat Dec 13 08:27:27 2003:

Drew, re #147 regarding #140: Please see #141.

Bruce, re #145:

> Muslims worship the same God jews and Christians do.  It just that they have
> teh "particulars" wrong.  

Perhaps, but the devil is in the details. Many Christians still believe that
Muslims and Jews are going to Hell. I think Muslims return the favor.  Can
these hell-bound infidel marriages truly be on par with that of the True
believers? When these infidels marry, getting the particulars wrong, doesn't
that offend God? Doesn't that weaken real marriage?

Why is getting some particulars wrong better or worse than getting other
particulars wrong?

> But the majority of human societies have

 believed that the Earth was flat.

> Nature built us that way

Nature (or God) made some people gay.
Also other mamals.
(Whether through genetics or environmental factors or a combination is not
relevant here.)

So why shouldn't gays be allowed to have the same one on one relationships
that you claim the majority of human societies have?

Flat out, that's discrimination!!


#155 of 293 by bru on Sat Dec 13 14:32:21 2003:

and down the slippery slope we go...

We discriminate against immoral and illegal activities all the time.

Thats why theft, murder, prostitution, drug use, rape, adn child molestation
are all illegal.  WE discriminate against them.  Lets just make them all
legal.


#156 of 293 by johnnie on Sat Dec 13 14:57:00 2003:

Sure, we discriminate against immoral folks all the time, but not
everyone agrees that homosexuality is immoral, while darn near everybody
view things like rape and murder as immoral.  


#157 of 293 by johnnie on Sat Dec 13 15:13:23 2003:

NPR has been running a series over the last week or two on the history
of Brown v Board of Education.  It's quite interesting how much the
arguments against school desegregation parallel the arguments against
gay marriage.  There was the "the bible sez it's wrong" argument, the
"we've always done it this way, and if it was good for the cavemen it's
good for us" argument, the "end of society as we know it" argument, even
the "this is a  bad thing to bring up during an election year" argument.

The only anti-desegregation argument I hadn't heard applied to gay
marriage was the "I'm not a bigot--we do it this way because it's
*better* for blacks."  Hadn't heard that one until yesterday, that is. 
Some (Republican) legislator on the news was denying that he had
anything against homosexuals or gay marriage--he was just afraid that
allowing gay marriage would create a backlash against gays from  his
less-enlightened fellow citizens, so he wanted to hold off for the good
of the homosexual community.  Right....


#158 of 293 by keesan on Sat Dec 13 15:30:10 2003:

Drinking coffee must be immoral.  The Muslims drink it anyway.  They think
wine is immoral, but they are at least willing to tolerate other religions.
Instead of demolishing Hagia Sofia they whitewashed over the frescoes.  
I have never known any gays who were unwilling to tolerate heterosexuals or
deny them any rights.  


#159 of 293 by lk on Sat Dec 13 15:47:01 2003:

In fact, the Muslim Turks introduced the Europeans to coffee.
As I said, infidels!!

I don't think we outlaw theft, rape and murder because they are "immoral".
I think we consider them immoral and outlaw them because these HARM another.

Being gay and gay marriage harms no one.
What compelling state interest is at state for The People?

So far the only one presented is that gay marriage will "weaken" the 
nstitution of marriage.  Really?  Isn't it time someone explained how
and why this would happen or withdraw what appears to be the only
non-religious argument against gay marriage?

Bruce, as you yourself argued, "one on one relationships" go back a long
way. Why not recognize these same relationships amongst gays and lesbians?


#160 of 293 by rcurl on Sat Dec 13 18:28:34 2003:

I was about to say wehat lk just said: "immorality" lies in doing harm
to others and, to some extent, to oneself (harming yourself in  many ways
does harm to others). 

I also see no ways in which homosexuality or gay marriage harms anyone
so long as it is mutually desired without intended fraud. Also, neither
harms anything that anyone else likes to do, such as heterosexual
marriage. 


#161 of 293 by gull on Sat Dec 13 19:46:09 2003:

This response has been erased.



#162 of 293 by drew on Sat Dec 13 20:14:44 2003:

Re #154:
    Actually I was hoping for a chapter and verse to look up for this specific
fact.


#163 of 293 by jep on Sun Dec 14 04:01:16 2003:

re resp:159: It bugs me to see you stating that anyone who disagrees 
with you must not have any basis for their opinion at all.  The other 
side does the same thing, you know.

I don't agree with anti-gay marriage people, but I understand them to 
some extent.  There are plenty of reasons why they feel that gay 
marriage would weaken heterosexual marriage.  I'll explain some of 
it.  Please understand that I don't agree with a lot of it.  

Government's interest in marriage and need to control it is partly due 
to concerns for children.  Who takes care of the kids?  This is 
important, but pretty much only for heterosexual marriages.

There are employment benefits for married people.  These benefits are 
getting quickly weaker, even now.  If you don't think it would hurt 
married couples to have a lot of what are currently known as "domestic 
partnerships" declared "marriages", you just simply aren't paying 
attention to what the insurance companies are doing now.

It is very important to a lot of people to oppose homosexuality in any 
way possible.  Some people have religious reasons, some are just 
disinclined to accept things that are new to them or which they were 
told in childhood were wrong.  During my time in the National Guard in 
the Upper Peninsula, I observed a great intolerance for ethnic 
minorities, but it was literally *nothing* compared to the intolerance 
for homosexuality.  There was *hatred* for homosexuality among very 
much mainstream people in that area.  The UP is not that much 
different from other rural areas.  The issue is an emotional one for a 
lot of people there and in a lot of America.


#164 of 293 by rcurl on Sun Dec 14 06:48:00 2003:

There will be many fewer homosexual couples than heterosexual couples - the
whole issue of additonal benefit costs - at most a percent or two - is
a red herring. 

I do know there is opposition to homosexuality among the great busy-body
masses. It is certainly a problem, but not something to value and make
an effort to preserve. As has been pointed out, it is just like intolerance
of any minority and we have partially surmounted a lot of that.


#165 of 293 by lk on Sun Dec 14 07:49:34 2003:

Jep, re#163, I appreciate our comments, but:

I didn't say that anyone who disagrees with me "must not have any basis for
their opinion at all". What I said is that no one had presented such a
basis -- which is why you posted what you did, despite not fully agreeing
with it. And the 3 reasons you conjure aren't very compelling:

> children

Many gay relationships involve children. Moreso amongst women than men, but
this could change were gay marriage an option.

> employment benefits

As a small business owner, trust me when I say I know what "insurance
companies are doing now".  [Ouch!]  Yet this argument fails on two levels.
First, isn't this argument saying that we should discriminate against someone
because it would cost too much not to do so? Wasn't this argument used to
argue for slavery?  Second, according to a study conducted by Lotus before
they began offering benefits to gay domestic partners, the costs were
relatively insignificant -- especially compared to the talent one might
lose by not offering such benefits.

Now here is where I think you are on to something:

> It is very important to a lot of people to oppose homosexuality in any
> way possible.  Some people have religious reasons, some are just
> disinclined to accept things that are new....
> There was *hatred* for homosexuality....

Exacty. The driving reason is often "homophobia", either for religous reasons
or due to personal discomfort. The excuses ("weakens marriage", "costs too
much", "children") are rationalizations attempting to justify the irrational.
They fail.

As Rane said, this intolerance & hate is not unlike those of other minorities
which predate it and which are in the process of being surmounted.


#166 of 293 by jmsaul on Sun Dec 14 15:05:23 2003:

Marriage does not equal children.  Couples who are too old to have children
marry.  Infertile people marry.  Couples who don't ever want to have kids
marry.  So what?

The financial issue exists, but based on what I saw when it came up at UM,
it's really used as a proxy by people who simply hate gays, or at least hate
homosexuality itself.

And hatred should NEVER be used as a basis for public policy.


#167 of 293 by twenex on Sun Dec 14 15:14:44 2003:

So Muslims and Jews have the "particulars" wrong?

I suppose you mean th practitioners of neither religion follow their
holy book to the letter, or the spirit, depending on which you think
is more important?

Oh, wait...! I am sure you mean that because their world view does not
agree with yours, they therefore are manifestly and demonstrably
wrong.

You are SO lucky I am not 1. Unstable; 2. Convinced of my own
righteousness; 3. In favour of gun ownership; 4. In America.

However, I *am* both disgusted and amazed that you could disgust me
any further than you already had.


#168 of 293 by gull on Sun Dec 14 16:14:13 2003:

Re resp:163:
> Government's interest in marriage and need to control it is partly
> due  to concerns for children.  Who takes care of the kids?  This
> is  important, but pretty much only for heterosexual marriages.

But we don't limit heterosexual marriage to people who are fertile.

> There are employment benefits for married people.  These benefits
> are  getting quickly weaker, even now.  If you don't think it
> would hurt married couples to have a lot of what are currently
> known as "domestic partnerships" declared "marriages", you just
> simply aren't paying attention to what the insurance companies
> are doing now.

So basically, you're justifying discrimination as a way to artificially
limit the demand for insurance?  Besides, I'm not convinced the impact
would be that great -- I suspect the majority of homosexual partnerships
are two-income households, and the number of partnerships nationwide is
pretty small compared to the overall population.


#169 of 293 by keesan on Sun Dec 14 19:21:15 2003:

My two neighbors who just bought a house together have a child with two
mothers.  More homosexual couples might have children if they were given the
legal rights to be coparents of children born to them or adopted together.


#170 of 293 by jmsaul on Sun Dec 14 19:21:48 2003:

What happened at UM when they proposed benefits for same-sex domestic partners
is that two of the most conservative Regents (the university's elected
governing body) opposed it on economic grounds, saying it would cost the
university tons of money and threaten the employee benefit system.  It passed
anyway, and something like 50 couples (out of some 30,000 employees) have
actually made use of it.

Basically, that argument is spurious, and it's usually used by people like
those two Regents who demonstrably hate gays as a cover for their real reasons
to oppose gay rights.  One of the two went on to oppose the existence of an
office here to provide counseling for gay students, on the grounds that it
would be used to brainwash students into homsexuality.  No bias there.


#171 of 293 by jmsaul on Sun Dec 14 19:22:35 2003:

169 slipped.  And she's right.  But marriage is NOT linked to rugrats, and
should NOT be.


#172 of 293 by jep on Mon Dec 15 02:15:51 2003:

One thing on which I do agree with the anti-gay crowd on is the 
word "homophobia".  I don't think there's any way to promote 
understanding and tolerance by the use of such labels.  I find it 
offensive and I am not really one of the ones being targeted by it.


#173 of 293 by jep on Mon Dec 15 02:26:51 2003:

re resp:168: I am not justifying anything.  I'm not anti-gay.

re resp:166, 170: Joe, I had not heard any such statistics, and find 
them very interesting.  Have any more information like that about 
other places which give benefits to those who are not in a 
heterosexual marriage?

Also: Are you sure that information isn't propaganda?  (There is 
certainly a lot of spinning of facts around these days.)


#174 of 293 by jep on Mon Dec 15 02:44:29 2003:

My position on gay marriage issues: I don't think the government 
should prohibit them.  I agree it's discrimination.  I don't see much 
difference between the former issue of inter-racial marriage (long 
since settled) and gay marriage.

I'm not going to become a gay rights activist, or support them other 
than by staying out of their way.  There are bigger issues in my 
life.  The biggest part of this one will get resolved in a few years, 
no matter what I think.  That's good enough for me.


#175 of 293 by bru on Mon Dec 15 03:57:24 2003:

twenex, did you just threaten my life?  I think you did.  Why?

You will notice I ddiin't say who was right.  Or what they were right about,
or wrong about, or even if every christian was right.  Get a grip on reality.


#176 of 293 by jmsaul on Mon Dec 15 04:25:51 2003:

Re #173:  I don't think the number's propaganda, but according to one source
          I found (a Michigan Daily article quoting someone from UM's benefits
          office), the number I was remembering is a bit low.  They're saying
          61 men and 69 women have registered partners, so the total is (or
          was in 2000) 130.  That's still a tiny number compared to the total
          number of employees, which I'm guessing at around 30K (probably
          low).

Re #175:  As a matter of law, he did *not* threaten your life.  Statements
          of the form "if I weren't X, I'd kick your ass" are not classically
          considered threats (assault) because the speaker is making it clear
          that he's not going to carry out the action, since the condition
          that would prevent it is present.  Have a nice day.  :-)


#177 of 293 by russ on Mon Dec 15 04:27:05 2003:

Re #159:  The Turks did not introduce Europeans to coffee; the Turks
abandoned sacks of coffee after their second (failed) siege of Vienna,
and a monk showed everyone how it could be made into a tasty drink.

The monk happened to be a Capuchin, thus cappucino.

Re #171:  I disagree with your last sentence, violently.  Children
need stability almost as much as they need food and shelter.  People
who cannot sustain a stable, committed relationship should not have,
or be allowed to adopt, children.


#178 of 293 by jmsaul on Mon Dec 15 04:43:08 2003:

Russ, you're misinterpreting it -- though I don't think marriage is a
prerequisite to a stable, committed relationship.

What I meant is that marriage is not just for having children, and should not
be looked at as such.


#179 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 09:22:03 2003:

I didn't threaten your life. I've got far better things to do than
dealing that way with people like you. Like educating them. Or
watching tv. Or pissing on flies.

Presumably if marriage is simply a means to the end of producing
children, one should invalidate all marriages which do not produce
kids.

I'm Henry VIII I am, I am, I'm Henry VIII I am....


#180 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 10:07:55 2003:

Bru:

You said that Jews and Muslims believe in the same God as Christians,
but that Jews' and Muslims' interpretation is wrong. That only leaves
Christians to be right.

Reasons why gay marriage should be legalized:

1. We are moving towards equality of gays with heterosexuals. In order
for that process to be complete, ALL rights, including marriage, must
therefore be accorded gay couples if we are to claim that they truly
have equal rights in law. Equal rights in law a a necessary and vital
step in promoting equality in society, since it leave those who would
deny rights based on the law without a leg to stand on.

2. Christianity and Islam demand respect for infidels and sinners, as
they believe they can be redeemed. (Does Judaism preach the same
thing? I was always under the impression that Judaism dpes not attempt
to bring Gentiles into the fold, however tolerant individuals or
communities of Jews may be.) Therefore, and especially since it is up
to God to decide who goes down below, a true Christian or Muslim will
not condeemn a man or woman to ostracism simply because of their
homosexuality, any more than because of their pagan religion.

3. The point of state secularism is to promote religious toleration;
therefore the question of gay marriage being legalized by the civil
courts should be divorced (for want of a better word) from the
question of its legality according to church law.

4. Church law is not immutable; the doctrine of the Holy Trinity was
developed by the early Church after the death of Jesus, whilst the
doctrine of Papal infallibility dates from the 11th century, or a
little earlier.

5. There is no question in mymind that the Bible was not meant to be
taken literaqlly, but was meant as ae "handbook" for better human
relationships and a metaphorical means to understand the world. Thus
the liberal (to use hte word w/o its political connotations)
interpretation of "an eye for an eye" as an exhortation to let the
punishment fit the crime, not to pluck out the eye of someone who
blinded someone else. Therefore among thinking Christians, there
should be no objection to discussing the best way of dealing with
homosexuality.

6. Discrimination against gays is an obstacle to their achieving their
full potential, and therefore as a libertarian I cannot help being
implacably opposed. (Most of you will have noticed that when I oppose
something, I oppose it implacably anyhow.)

7. Even if you do not accept #1, equality before the law3 of all
citizens is one of the basic tenets of a liberal democracy; therefore,
by accepting #7, you must accept #1. If you do not accept #1, or by
extension #7, you hold a viewpoint that is anti-American. (Those who
forget what relevance this has to an Englishman should remember that
provincial legislators and delegates to the Continental Congress at
first demanded the law be administered according to "the rights of
Englishmen", changing this to "natural rights"; theefore their
struggle for liberation was basedon a desire to restore those rights
they believe they had under English law; natural, since the Colonies
were founded by the English, and even then, a large proportion of
Americans wee born in England.


#181 of 293 by bru on Mon Dec 15 14:46:11 2003:

well, look at it this way.  If Jews, Moslems, adn Christians all worship the
same God, They all say they want peace, adn tehy all keep fighting each other,
SOMBODY has got it wrong!

Therefore among thinking Christians, there should be no objection to
discussing the best way of dealing with homosexuality.

twenex, I suppose the problem is that most christians do "not" want to deal
with homosexuality.  They don't want anythign to do with it.  they don't want
to talk about it, they do not want to hear about it.  They do not want to know
what goes on between homosexuals in the beadroom, they don't want to think
about it.

Most christians also view marriage as a sacrament.  it is something the church
puts a blessing on.  IT IS A RELIGIOUS CEREMONY.  As such, they cannot
tolerate it being debased by ordering them to bless what they view as a sin.

I know, I know, no one is ordering them to bless anything.  But that is how
they feel it is being pushed.  How many of these homosexual couples are going
to want to get married in church?  How many of them are going to push their
respective diocese to accpt them because the law says it is now legal?  How
long before some church finds itself sued becuse they are discriminating
against gays by not letting them get married in the chapel?  (don't laugh,
we have seen people sue over other things equally as ridiculous)

And down that slippery slope in the far, far future, is it possible that the
law will say that a church cannot discriminate, and by doing so, will force
the church to either change its beliefs, or penalize it?  In effect, is that
not the state making a law with regards to religion, and a violation of the
constitution?

My personal preference is that we accept civil unions with all teh rights and
privelages of a monogomous couple, but that it bextended beyond sexual
relationship.  Why should I have to F--k someone to have a civil relationship
and extend to them benefits from my medical insurance?


#182 of 293 by scott on Mon Dec 15 16:35:01 2003:

So which is the "one true" religion, then?  Which sect, and which version of
the holy book?


#183 of 293 by gull on Mon Dec 15 16:56:18 2003:

Re resp:181:
> I suppose the problem is that most christians do "not" want to deal
> with homosexuality.  They don't want anythign to do with it.
> they don't want to talk about it, they do not want to hear about it.

Funny, they sure spend an awful lot of time talking about it.  If they
don't want to deal with it, why do they spend so much time trying to
control homosexuals' behaviour? 

> Most christians also view marriage as a sacrament.  it is something
> the church puts a blessing on.  IT IS A RELIGIOUS CEREMONY.

But it's also a secular contract.  That's part of the problem here. 
There are really two different concepts, which are being linked
artificially.  Part of this is historic, and part of it is political. 
By linking secular marriage and religious marriage, it becomes much more
acceptable to try to deny marriage to homosexuals -- you're "defending
the purity of religion" instead of just discriminating against people
whose choice of mate you don't like.

> And down that slippery slope in the far, far future, is it possible
> that the law will say that a church cannot discriminate, and by doing
> so, will force the church to either change its beliefs, or penalize
> it? 

No, this is why we have seperation of church and state.  However, this
is a good reason for Christians to think long and hard about whether
they want to support things like "faith based initiatives."  If you
erase part of the boundary between church and state by letting
government money start funding religious activities, you may eventually
find there are strings attached and that the parts of that boundary that
prevent the government from dictating what religious groups can and
cannot do are getting hazy as well.

Re resp:182: Good question.  Not even all Christian denominations agree
about this.  I'm curious which Christian denominations bru thinks got it
right, and which denominations he thinks are going to Hell.


#184 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 17:45:58 2003:

I think I'll just shut up and let gull speak for me.


#185 of 293 by klg on Mon Dec 15 17:56:52 2003:

(This is just way too good to pass up.)

Great Moments in Sex Education by the Massachusetts Supreme Court

An alert (Opinionjournal.com) reader calls our attention to a footnote 
No. 23 in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, last month's 
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court decision declaring the traditional 
definition of marriage unconstitutional:

     It is hardly surprising that civil marriage developed
     historically as a means to regulate heterosexual conduct
     and to promote child rearing, because until very recently
     unassisted heterosexual relations were the only means short
     of adoption by which children could come into the world.


#186 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 18:11:21 2003:

Yes, and now we have adoption, legalized gay partnerships, and
artificial insemination, we're free to implement gay marriage. Did we
wait before putting the new inventions of the wheel and the computer
to use?


#187 of 293 by klg on Mon Dec 15 18:18:24 2003:

Mr. tweenex-
Go back and read it again.
klg


#188 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 18:21:43 2003:

Only thing that has changd after a second reading is this: Pointing
out that children do not "come into the world" via adoption, but aare
adopted once they've been born.


#189 of 293 by klg on Mon Dec 15 18:23:25 2003:

Is English your second language?


#190 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 18:33:36 2003:

No. Were your parents too poor to buy you the cost-option brain?

As it stands, the quote in #186 only refers to the *customary*
definition of marriage, without alleging that the Constitution outlaws
other definitions of marriage. That which is not specifically
prohibited is allowed, n'est-ce pas?


#191 of 293 by flem on Mon Dec 15 19:33:31 2003:

Way back there, bru said this:

>and down the slippery slope we go...
>
>We discriminate against immoral and illegal activities all the time.
>
>Thats why theft, murder, prostitution, drug use, rape, adn 
>child molestation are all illegal.  WE discriminate against 
>them.  Lets just make them all legal.

I really think that this fundamental misunderstanding is at the root of
much of the disagreement on this issue.  Bru assumes that we outlaw
murder and so forth because they are immoral.  IMO, this is completely
wrong.  We outlaw murder and child molestation and such because they
violate the human rights of the victim.  Protecting human rights is
pretty much the fundamental purpose of government.  

So the question becomes, whose human rights are violated by allowing gay
marriages to be recognized by law?  I think that's the real question 
that opponents of gay marriage need to answer before their arguments can
be taken seriously.  


#192 of 293 by drew on Mon Dec 15 19:56:42 2003:

Re #182: What #183 said: Good question. is there even any hard evidence that
there is a Hell for the denominations in error to go to?


#193 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 19:57:07 2003:

That's it exactly


#194 of 293 by scott on Mon Dec 15 20:08:17 2003:

Hmmmm... People here are assuming that gay people never reproduce.  But what
about the many people who finally conclude that they're really gay, after
having had heterosexual relations and often children?  Yes, there are a lot
of children of homosexuals.


#195 of 293 by oval on Mon Dec 15 20:26:52 2003:

..and there's the wanna-be lesbian who mysteriously keeps getting knocked up.



#196 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 15 22:22:23 2003:

#193 was in response to #191, although it could justy as easily be in
response to #192, which slipped in.


#197 of 293 by lk on Tue Dec 16 00:01:46 2003:

(As I said in #165.)

Some homosexual couples reproduce/adopt even after coming out.

As for Jewish beliefs (in a nut-shell), there is no hell. There's not
much said even about an afterlife. When the Messiah comes, the dead
shall rise and we'll all figure it out.  There is a concept called
Sheol, more akin to Hades, where all the dead go. But it's not very
well defined.  Judaism is more concerned with this life.

Jews do not "recruit" (you know, unlike homosexuals (: ) but do
accept converts to the faith. (Moses himself married a non-Jew, as
did King David, Solomon and others). Converts are considered full Jews
in every sense. In fact, the line of David came from Ruth, a convert.


#198 of 293 by jp2 on Tue Dec 16 00:04:49 2003:

This response has been erased.



#199 of 293 by gull on Tue Dec 16 00:32:23 2003:

I think whether or not they do is pretty irrelevent to the argument.


#200 of 293 by jmsaul on Tue Dec 16 00:33:54 2003:

   well, look at it this way.  If Jews, Moslems, adn Christians all worship
   the same God, They all say they want peace, adn tehy all keep fighting
   each other, SOMBODY has got it wrong!

Yeah -- ALL OF THEM.  Why anyone wants to pattern their lives after a set
of religious tenets invented by people who can't even get along with each
other is beyond me.  Looking at the Middle East, I'd think that sane
people would reject any way of life that came out of that snakepit on
general principles.


#201 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 16 00:56:02 2003:

Huh.  I think Middle Eastern monotheism and the general Judao-Christian 
moral principles which accompanied it, taken as a whole, surpass by far 
any other contribution to civilization which came out of that region.  
Or for that matter, any region.  I think it's the basis for modern 
nationalism instead of tribalism and industry replacing agriculture, 
for starters among things that I value in life.


#202 of 293 by keesan on Tue Dec 16 01:29:30 2003:

Industry has replaced agriculture?  I still eat food.


#203 of 293 by bru on Tue Dec 16 01:59:48 2003:

Ahhh...but it is processed food!


#204 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 16 03:23:21 2003:

Processed food?  Not in Sindi's case!

Most of us don't make our living by agriculture.  I'm not sure if 
anyone does who currently logs on to Grex.  I don't personally know of 
any professional farmer who has ever logged on here.


#205 of 293 by rcurl on Tue Dec 16 03:51:26 2003:

There is a professional farmer that sends me e-mail here.....


#206 of 293 by rcurl on Tue Dec 16 03:57:02 2003:

Re #201: I would just as soon have had it that Judeo-Christian-Islamic
mythology had never occurred and that civilization arrived at an ethical
and moral course by rational means. That several millenia diversion into
fantasies has been a source of enormous human suffering. 


#207 of 293 by twenex on Tue Dec 16 09:34:23 2003:

Wow, lots of meat here.

I agree with jmsaul (#200) on almost every point except the last one.
As jep says (#201), the Middle-East provided us with cities, and at a
time when their organized religion(s) w(ere) not monotheistic Islam,
but polytheistic and usually variant from city to city.

Also, during the Dark Ages and Early Mediaeval period when the whole
of Western Europe was still persecuting witches and had descended into
feudal chaos, Muslims and Jews were making adfvances in medical and
the other sciences which seemed like witchcraft to the nearly
barbarian Christians; especially in the case of the Muslims, they are
also often our only surviving source for Greek scientific texts, which
they often studied and improved upon (lest we forget, the Greeks knew
that the Earth was round. It's the only possibly explanation for the
fact that you see the sails of a ship first when it comes over the
horizon.) The Turks, who at one time ruled almost the whole of the
Muslim world, and Palestine, allowed Jews to practice freely on
payment of a tax. I don't know about you, but I'd rather be taxed for
being X than be gassed for it (although, of course, it's not right or
fair to do either; it's the lesser of two weevils.).

Re: #206: I doubt that the internecine strife between Jews, Muslims
and Christians, or persecution by any of these religions against
"infidels", can be seen as the only, the first, or the last instances
of religious persecution. The recent rioting in Gujarat, an Indian
state where the majority religion is Hindu, is one example; further
examples could be provided by the Viking raids on Northern Europe,
taking no account of the fact that the richest pickings, which they
found in churches, were also religious relics, etc.

Furthermore, in respect of Islam, opne of its aims was to *prevent*
tribal warfare between different groups of Arabs, which, afaik, it
succeeded in for a large part of its history - and even now, Arabs
still see themselves as part of the same "nation"; many of the states
that exist now did not exist before the British Empire carved them out
of its Ottoman possessions. If you want other examples of "how the
mighty have fallen", just look at Russia after Catherine the Great,
moddern Italy, modern China, or modern Britain :-(.














#208 of 293 by twenex on Tue Dec 16 10:12:09 2003:

Thankyou for the clarification re: Judaism, lk.


#209 of 293 by lk on Tue Dec 16 11:36:38 2003:

You're welcome, but let me clarify a few other points. (:

> The Turks...  allowed Jews to practice freely on payment of a tax.

Isn't that an oxymoron?  It's true that under the rule of Suleiman the
Magnificent (who rebuilt Jerusalem) Jews fared well. But this was the
exception rather than the rule. In the 19th century, the plight of
Jews in the "Holy Land" (no such place as "Palestine" existed yet)
was so extreme that they turned to western powers for protection.
Look into the Capitulations and the short-lived Tanzimat reforms.

The reason one sees the top of sails before the ship is obvious.
They are less likely to be hidden behind waves and one usually sees
taller objects first anyhow.  It has nothing to do with the curvature
of the earth.  (:  [Archimedes triangulated the diameter of the earth
and came quite close.]

> in respect of Islam, opne of its aims was to *prevent* tribal warfare
> between different groups of Arabs, which, afaik, it succeeded....

I don't think this was an aim. Islam was spread by the sword, through
tribal warfare. Polytheists who refused forced conversion were put to the
sword (Christians and Jews were tolerated).  I'm not sure that a "Pax
Islamica" was ever achieved, but the schism between Sunni and Shiite
Muslims would lead to millions of dead.  The concept of "Arab unity"
is something like the weather. People always talk about it....


#210 of 293 by twenex on Tue Dec 16 15:22:19 2003:

Heh. looks like I stand corrected.


#211 of 293 by flem on Tue Dec 16 18:18:12 2003:

I'll grant that Judeo-Christian monotheism made important contributions
to morality, but that it led to nationalism and industrialization? 
That's a bit of a stretch.  


#212 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 16 18:24:32 2003:

re resp:206: That's wishful thinking on the order of "I wish people 
didn't have to get sick", Rane.  People didn't spring into being with 
full knowledge of how the world works; they had to figure it out.  (And 
some of you still haven't got it all right.  (-:  )

Some day people may come to regard quantum physics and relativity in 
the same way most of us regard phlogiston, astrology and the sun going 
around the Earth on the backs of turtles.  That doesn't mean any of 
those things were "fantasy".  Serious, intelligent people have believed 
in all of them, because all of them have pretty well fit available 
facts at some point or another.



#213 of 293 by jep on Tue Dec 16 18:35:01 2003:

re resp:211 (who slipped in): It's fodder for another item, but if you 
look at the basic innovation which occurred in Dark Ages and Middle 
Ages monasteries, where the monks were constantly striving to free up 
time to exercise their devotions, the connection is there.

The striving for improvement, and exploration, that originated in 
Western Europe was not an accident.  The dominant influence in Europe 
from 4th through 18th centuries was the Roman Catholic church.  I'm not 
claiming it *wanted* the change that it catalyzed, but it'd be pretty 
blind to deny it didn't have a lot of influence.  The Catholic religion 
was *wildly* successful in a whole *lot* of ways.


#214 of 293 by rcurl on Tue Dec 16 19:08:45 2003:

Re #212: just to keep the subtleties straight...I did not say I *wished*
anything - just that I would have preferred it. I am aware of the original
ignorance of modern humans when they finally evolved and that they had to
figure out everything in a very complex and confusing world. History could,
of course, have taken other directions, but it is not surprising that it
is full of misdirections. I blame a lot of that upon people discovering
that they could control others by inventing fantasies - even coming to
believing them themselves. 

I disagree, however, that we will ever "come to regard quantum physics and
relativity in the same way most of us regard phlogiston, astrology and the
sun going around the Earth". It has been known from the start that those
scientific concepts were simply workable hypotheses of limited accuracy. 
They were presented in that spirit and challenged to be countered or,
rather, improved, even if that meant to be replaced. It was mostly
adherence to dogma, not to observation, that kept phlogiston et al alive
as long as the did (and have).

What will happen in the future is that the "whys and hows" of quantum 
physics and relativity will be discovered. That, however, will not make
even the current manipulations of those concepts less valid within their
limits of accuracy.


#215 of 293 by remmers on Tue Dec 16 19:13:54 2003:

<remmers wonders what "available facts" supported the concept of the
 sun going around the earth on the backs of turtles.>


#216 of 293 by jp2 on Tue Dec 16 19:17:42 2003:

This response has been erased.



#217 of 293 by flem on Tue Dec 16 19:39:32 2003:

re #213:  Well, I guess I'll cheerfully argue with you in another item,
then, if you start it.  For here I'll confine myself to saying that I
disagree, mostly.  :)


#218 of 293 by twenex on Tue Dec 16 20:33:36 2003:

Re: #2133. Don't forget that we had to come a LONG way in order to get
to Mediaeval Europe in the first place, and the journey started (as
far as my hemisphere is concerned) in China and the Middle-East.

I often wonder how much wisdom we'd have discovered if my ancestors
and ours hadn't destroyed the civilizations of the Americas, or even
if they'd simply written more of it down for us. Or if writing had
been invented separatrely in Europe, for that matter - how on *earth*
did the Mayans build their palaces without using wheeled vehicles; how
on *earth* did the prehistoric people of Britain build Stonehenge with
stone from over a 100 miles away in Wales, again without wheels? (And
what the hell was it for?!) Seems to me they would have needed
*incredibly* complex and organised societies. Btw, Roman and Greek
Chroniclers from Tacitius to Caesar report that Celtic and Germanic
societiews *were* highly complex, and that, possessing no written
language, their memory capacity (or rather their harnessing of the
capacity we all have) was phenomenal.


#219 of 293 by rcurl on Tue Dec 16 20:44:21 2003:

Re #216: you seem to be confused. I made no such claims as you attribute to
me. Would you care to explain what you are trying to say?


#220 of 293 by keesan on Tue Dec 16 23:44:37 2003:

Regarding monks 'freeing up time' - I have seen a drawing of a monastery plan
where there was one area of squares marked:  sheep, pigs, cows, goats, horses,
servants.  


#221 of 293 by jmsaul on Wed Dec 17 03:09:03 2003:

I admit this is drifting, but jep -- the monotheistic religions didn't invent
nationalism as opposed to tribalism (China had it, as did Rome, the Greek
city-states, the Aztecs, and many other societies).  As for industry, there's
no reason to believe it wouldn't have evolved in a polytheistic society.  A
number of polytheistic cultures attained great achievements in science and
engineering:  Egypt, the Maya, China, Greece, Rome, etc.

Some of those societies are the ones that contributed the knowledge the
monasteries preserved during the Dark Ages.


#222 of 293 by keesan on Wed Dec 17 05:46:32 2003:

India is still polytheistic.


#223 of 293 by gull on Wed Dec 17 14:48:08 2003:

Re resp:213: I don't know.  In some ways didn't the Catholic Church do
everything it could to *halt* progress?  I mean, look how they treated
Galileo.  (Granted, they eventually apologized...over 300 years later. 
This is the kind of pace of progress the Church can deal with. ;> )


#224 of 293 by bru on Wed Dec 17 14:50:46 2003:

A recent study came out and showed that democrats are 2 -1 more likely not
to attend church, and republicans are 2 -1 more likely to attend a church.
Perhaps this means that most dems are godless and thus care little for the
opinions of those who are God fearing?


#225 of 293 by gull on Wed Dec 17 15:13:26 2003:

Or maybe it means the Republicans are religious zealots and thus care
little for the opinions of those who don't want other people's religious
rules forced on them?

(Hint: Both are overly-broad generalizations.)



#226 of 293 by twenex on Wed Dec 17 16:45:49 2003:

You read my mind again, gull.


#227 of 293 by edina on Wed Dec 17 18:50:22 2003:

Maybe us Democrats don't need to prove our "God Feariigness" by attending
church once/twice/three times a week.


#228 of 293 by happyboy on Wed Dec 17 19:34:21 2003:

re224: what church do you attend, fatty?


#229 of 293 by jep on Wed Dec 17 20:03:52 2003:

re resp:220: Are you disputing that some of the monasteries produced 
innovations in labor saving devices?

re resp:221: Maybe other cultures could have produced the Industrial 
Revolution.  I don't know.  (A characteristic I share with every other 
person here.)  Western Europe, dominated for a dozen centuries by the 
Catholic Church, *did* produce it.

I agree, this is all drift.  I apologize; the gay marriage debate 
wasn't done.


#230 of 293 by keesan on Wed Dec 17 20:23:15 2003:

China was a lot more technologically advanced than Europe during the period
that Europe was dominated by the Catholic Church.  Europe made more
technological progress after the church lost its stranglehold on knowledge.
It was not known for things like encouraging a belief in a round earth.
Or for questioning any accepted opinions.


#231 of 293 by jmsaul on Thu Dec 18 00:49:07 2003:

Re #222:  Absolutely.  As is Japan, mostly.


#232 of 293 by jep on Thu Dec 18 01:27:05 2003:

re resp:230: The people who grew up in Catholic Europe, and their 
children and grandchildren, advanced a huge amount, inventing the 
scientific method (which made use of the strenuous rules of logic 
developed for the priests); advancing math far beyond what the Arabs 
had given them; and applying all of the things they were learning to 
technology.

The Church may not have invented the printing press, but the people it 
trained certainly made great use of it.  Likewise with the water wheel 
and horse-drawn plows.  The monasteries invented many kinds of clocks, 
seeking the most accurate way to know when to do different prayers.  
The mechanisms of some of them -- and probably the tools used to make 
them as well -- were used for other developments.

Then there's sea travel, which was practiced for millenia, but no 
ships from China, America, Japan or southern Africa came to Europe.  
Why was that?  It was because they didn't know how, and because their 
cultures didn't encourage them to explore that much so they didn't 
develop the urge to travel that far.  Medieval Europe didn't invent 
the sailing ship, but Spain, Portugal and England sure did the most 
with it.

All I'm doing is suggesting there's a reason for all of this, and that 
it's not plausible to say it all happened in Europe, while Europe was 
dominated by the Catholic Church, but happened *despite* the Church.


#233 of 293 by gelinas on Thu Dec 18 01:38:44 2003:

jep, you should spend some time reading about the Hellenistic period.


#234 of 293 by keesan on Thu Dec 18 03:22:12 2003:

I read an interesting book recently about how the Chinese, in 1421-1423, built
a huge fleet of ships and sailed over the entire world, planting colonies in
the Americas, discovering Antarctica, etc.  They decided after that not to
explore any more because there was a disastrous fire which led them to believe
that the gods did not want them to do so.  
The Chinese ships were much more advanced than those of the Spanish or
Portuguese, who got hold of some copies of copies of the Chinese maps before
they set sail to the west.  It was even claimed that C. Columbus used a faked
map to show that he could reach China by sailing west, and that he really knew
there was other land in the way.  The faked map was made by pasting together
sheets of one based on a Chinese map and altering a few of them.  

The Chinese sailors did not get scurvy because they sprouted beans along the
way.


#235 of 293 by jmsaul on Thu Dec 18 03:59:18 2003:

The China theory you're talking about isn't necessarily true, but it's
certainly intriguing.

Re #232:  This thread started with me saying that there was no good reason
          to pick up religious beliefs from the most fractious and un-
          peaceable region of the world.  Your response was that industry
          and nationalism came about because people followed those particular
          religions.  I (and others) rebutted that by pointing out that many
          polytheistic cultures overcame tribalism, and that technological
          developments weren't the exclusive province of the Biblical
          religions.

          If you want to rebut that argument, you can't do it by showing that
          Christians also made technological developments; we aren't denying
          that they did.  We're just saying that Judeo-Christian-Moslem
          belief wasn't a necessary prerequisite.  Good luck rebutting that
          one given the historical record.  Sure, they invented stuff -- but
          so have polytheists, so monotheism clearly wasn't a requirement.


#236 of 293 by rcurl on Thu Dec 18 06:00:50 2003:

Europe also gathered science and technology from other corners of the
world with other religions (under which, of course, those inventions were
invented).  These include the abacus, gunpowder, buttons, paper money,
paper itself, the compass, much of metallurgy, the astrolabe.....this list
is enormous. It must also include all the inventions created in
pre-Christian Europe and Asia and Africa. That Europeans took advantage of
these inventions speaks to their own enterprise, but certainly Europe was
not the "cradle" of invention until the industrial revolution. 



#237 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 18 10:49:08 2003:

The Indians (principally Panini - the name is not Italian and is
pronounced "pang-I-ni"; the first n should have a dot over it) made
the greatest advances in linguistics known until the 19th century; the
leaps made since then were sparked off by an Englishman's
investigation of sanskrit through those Indian texts. Many Indians are
polytheists. Oops, bang goes another theory.


#238 of 293 by gelinas on Thu Dec 18 12:12:36 2003:

('Tis is also interesting/relevant that Panini spoke/read/wrote but one
language.)


#239 of 293 by gull on Thu Dec 18 14:54:36 2003:

I would venture to say that it seems to us that all useful inventions
came from Europe because the history we learn is mostly European.  Some
things were, in fact, genuinely invented there; others were filtered
through Europe and improved there.  Europeans do seem to have had more
drive to do adventurous things with technology, but I'm not convinced
the church had anything to do with that.  I think it had more to do with
wars and the need of many European countries to expand their sphere of
influence outwards to get precious resources from elsewhere.


#240 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 18 16:44:05 2003:

Europe is also probably the nicest place to live in the world, from an
agricultural standpiont; not too hot, not too cold, no monsoon,
tornados, relatively few earthquakes and volcanos, plenty of fertile
land, not too many forests, not much ice or snow. Interestingly,
Britain was one of the last places the Romans colonized and one of the
first they left. It was also one of the first to go over the sea (it
would have been impossible to, say, invade France by that time), and
one of the last to retreat from its imperialist ways. [I hope any
Irish people on GREX will not take offence if I point out that the
Romans never bothered with Ireland.)


#241 of 293 by jep on Thu Dec 18 16:56:27 2003:

re resp:235: In resp:201 I stated that I think Middle Eastern based 
Judao-Christian moral principles are the basis for modern nationalism 
and the conversion of our lifestyles from being based on agriculture to 
being based on industry.

What I see by way of counter-argument is speculation that maybe another 
culture would have gotten there too.  I have no problem with that, 
except that it has nothing to do with the point I made and which is 
presumably being refuted.

It is a fact that Western European culture has become dominant over the 
last 500 years.  Maybe it got to this state despite Christianity, and 
not because of it.  Maybe Buddhism or Hinduism or Samurai culture or 
something else would have gotten there eventually instead.  My only 
argument to that is that none of them did.  Shouldn't that count for 
*something*?  Even if it is stylish on Grex to hate Christianity?

I was responding to resp:200 which questions why anyone would want to 
adopt Judaism or it's offshoots, Christianity and Islam, given that 
there's a political mess in the Middle East.  I'd say (I did say) the 
political mess isn't the most important thing ever to result from the 
Middle East.


#242 of 293 by gull on Thu Dec 18 17:04:25 2003:

Re resp:241: I just think "Western European culture is majority
Christian, and Western European culture has dominated, therefore
Christianity is responsible for the dominance of Western European
culture" is pretty dodgy, logically.  You could just as easily use that
line of reasoning to argue that Western European culture advanced more
quickly because it's majority white, for example.


#243 of 293 by twenex on Thu Dec 18 17:05:04 2003:

You're right as far as you go in #241.


#244 of 293 by bru on Thu Dec 18 17:15:14 2003:

Lets be a bit more specific.

Charles Dickens is responsible for the advancement of 
western european culture as we know it today.


#245 of 293 by rcurl on Thu Dec 18 17:15:56 2003:

Re #241: the basic tenets of Judeo-Christian-Muslim, including
monothesism, are derivatives of Zoroastrianism, so shouldn't we say that
our western culture arose from that? You just can't cut off the roots and
claim what's left to be the "origin". (The "Mazda" name for lights that
came from the Zoroastrian god Ahura Mazda is a modern secular
consequence.) 



#246 of 293 by keesan on Thu Dec 18 18:08:38 2003:

Christianity promoted warfare (Crusades, conquering the Americas and enslaving
the inhabitants).  That led to increased wealth.  The Romans were also big
on war and technology.  Europe used to be all forested, including the
Mediterranean.


#247 of 293 by rcurl on Thu Dec 18 18:19:14 2003:

The Mediterranean was forested? Well, yes, when it wasn't full of water....


#248 of 293 by jep on Thu Dec 18 18:29:39 2003:

re resp:242: You could indeed state that there was/is something special 
about white European Caucasians, but then I'd think you'd have to 
identify that characteristic.  Their general skin color is another 
trait specific to Western Europeans, along with the Roman Catholic 
Church.  I loosely identified the Judao-Christian philosophy of self-
improvement, and their work ethic, as things that contributed to 
Western European dominance.  It seems more likely to me than skin 
color, somehow.

re resp:245: I have no problem with that description, though I'd say 
that almost all of the people who have been so dominant over the last 
500 years were specifically Christian or Muslim.  Almost none of them 
ever even heard of Zoroaster.


#249 of 293 by happyboy on Thu Dec 18 18:45:08 2003:

but the *influence* is there anyway...sort of how most americans
prolly have no idea of who pastor ashcroft is even though he's
busy as a little fundamentalist bee taking away their rights.


#250 of 293 by flem on Thu Dec 18 18:56:40 2003:

It seems to me that there is a lot of significance in the fact that
technological progress in western europe was mostly stagnant before, and
increased rapidly after, the protestant revolution.  To pick a couple of
the specific inventions in resp:232 that jep uses as evidence of the
Catholic technological prowess:  The printing press was invented and
popularized by protestant men who wanted to print and distribute copies
of non-latin translations of the bible, in direct defiance of the
Catholic church.  And, most of the technological progress with respect
to clocks was made by people, mostly dutch protestants, who needed it
for navigation on long sea voyages.  


#251 of 293 by rcurl on Thu Dec 18 19:46:43 2003:

Re #248: it doesn't matter whether anyone has heard of Zoroaster or not.
You have probably never heard of some of your ancestors too. What is important
is what they contributed. Judeo-Christian-Islam is based in Zoroastrianism,
but they took it from there and built their own edificies upon it. 


#252 of 293 by lk on Thu Dec 18 20:57:26 2003:

Is not. Jews didn't much encounter Zoroastrianism until the Babylonian
captivity, at least 600 years after Judaism was established. You aren't
thinking of Mesopotamian myths (Gilgamesh) which are recounted in the
Old Testament, are you?  Or perhaps the monotheistic Pharaoh (Akhnaten)?

Flem, I'd guess that the same forces that drove the scientific renaissance
also drove the Protestant reformation. As such they'd be cousins rather
than the reformation itself directly leading to scientific breakthroughs.

Nonetheless I think this whole discussion is misguided. Europe was much
more heavily influenced by the polytheistic Greeks than by many other
things -- for better and worse. Recall that the Church was often pushing
Aristotle's teachings, and great as he may have been on some fronts, he
was nonetheless a victim of his time in scientific fields.

John, I'm not sure there is a difference in saying that someone's skin
color (or less superficially, their genetics) has less to do with this
than someone's religion. What is it about the religion that propelled this?
Did it teach to question or explore?  Does it demand submission or did it
tolerate a diversity of thought?

Note: I'm not saying that genetics had anything to do with it, either.
Just that a blanket statement that religion may have somehow contributed
is not very convincing -- especially when the religion in question was
often intolerant of questioning, exploration and diversity of thought.


#253 of 293 by bru on Thu Dec 18 23:29:32 2003:

quit accusing Christians of causing warfare.  Sure they did, but they were
not the only ones.  The jews. islam, jainists, budhists and just about any
religion you can name have started and fought wars.


#254 of 293 by happyboy on Thu Dec 18 23:32:52 2003:

which war did the jains start, which war did *the* "budhists"
start?  


#255 of 293 by jmsaul on Thu Dec 18 23:48:00 2003:

Re #241:  What I'm saying (as opposed to what you may be hearing, which is
          often different in a BBS conversation) is that polytheistic
          societies DID overcome tribalism and practice nationalism, without
          the help of Judeo-Christianity-Islam.  Repeatedly.  Hell, look
          at Rome.

          As for industrialization -- yes, that did originate in Christian
          countries.  The causal link is not a given, though, since there
          were other factors that led to its originating in Northern Europe.
          (Read _Guns, Germs, and Steel_ for more on this.)


#256 of 293 by jep on Fri Dec 19 04:42:39 2003:

re resp:252: Did you see resp:248, Leeron?  Religions come with 
philosophies; ways of looking at the world; standards by which to live 
one's life.  None of these things are genetic.  They're learned.  It's 
certainly different to say that you were born into an environment 
which encouraged innovation and personal self- and exterior 
improvement, than to say you were born with those genetic tendencies 
because of your skin color.

The Roman Catholic Church may have been, as you say, often intolerant 
of questioning, exploring and diversity of thought, but it certainly 
encouraged (among some people) very tight reasoning according to 
strict rules.  People spent their lifetimes developing arguments for 
such questions as, "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?"  
They were hot issues for centuries.  The logical rules turned out to 
be practically useful as the basis for mathematical and scientific 
arguments.

re resp:250: I have no problem with anything that you said.  The 
navigational clocks part didn't come along until the 18th century, 
though.  The monks invented mechanical clocks and then later, spring 
clocks in the 13th and 14th centuries to more accurately determine the 
hour of the day.

re resp:255: Joe, you can say I overstated the "nationalism" bit.  I 
still think my main point stands; that the Middle Eastern religions 
were indispensable to the development of Western European culture; 
through it, to the Industrial Revolution; and that they should not be 
dismissively disparaged.  Maybe another type of philosophy would have 
gotten there anyway.  No one knows that.  What we know is, it didn't 
happen that way.


#257 of 293 by russ on Fri Dec 19 05:56:04 2003:

Re #232:  I strongly suggest that you read "Guns, Germs and Steel".
It is bound to make you reconsider your ideas of why the Iroquois,
or the Incas, or the Polynesians didn't take over Europe rather
than the reverse.


#258 of 293 by keesan on Fri Dec 19 06:39:55 2003:

The Chinese had clocks.  Eastern Europeans have the same skin color as western
ones.  So do northern Chinese.  Northern Europe was supposedly settled from
western Asia.  The Catholic Church may have been superficially monotheistic
but it had three gods and a lot of saints (local gods).


#259 of 293 by lk on Fri Dec 19 07:09:42 2003:

John, I saw #248 but in some sense I think "skin color" does have more
influence on a person than a religion.  Who is more culturally similar?
A black and a white southern baptist or a white southern baptist and a
white Church of Christnik?

As an Israeli, I often look at Americans as terribly materialistic
(and wasteful). Is this my Jewish upbringing?  Doubtful.  Just look
at the NY and West Bloomfield "JAPs".  Concentrate on the "A" in that.
(Just because I can pass as the "All American boy"....)

Are French, Polish and Italian Catholics more similar than a German
Catholic and a German protestant?  I doubt it.

So what I'm saying is that I agree with you that there are REGIONAL
influences that shape our lives, but religion is just one component
of that. Nationality, skin color and other family/tribal customs
and traditions also have such influences.

The weight of these factors is not constant and there's going to be
a varying deviance, too. I just think you're putting too much weight
into the religious component, which (I think) you are presenting as
the major component if not the only component.


#260 of 293 by bru on Fri Dec 19 14:40:55 2003:

"western Asia.  The Catholic Church may have been superficially monotheistic
but it had three gods and a lot of saints (local gods)."

keesan, where did you learn religion?  This is not the christianity I learned.
If you don't understand the trinity, don't try and explain it.


#261 of 293 by jp2 on Fri Dec 19 15:32:13 2003:

This response has been erased.



#262 of 293 by jep on Fri Dec 19 16:28:18 2003:

re: the book "Guns, Germs and Steel": It's been recommended twice now, 
and maybe I would find it interesting, but I doubt if anyone here reads 
whole books to pick up a point someone else is making about a drift 
thread in a discussion item.  I certainly don't.

If I were to read the book (which I may), I would then doubtless have 
many questions and points to make with the author, some of which you 
might address, but likely not most.

Meanwhile, why not *make a point yourself*?  I am utterly unimpressed 
by someone saying, in essence, "I'm not going to bother to say 
anything, but I'll point you at some book, it's really good, and has 
something to say; just assume whatever you find impressive is my point 
and therefore that I'm really smart".

Now, if you want to invite the author here to debate his points, then 
you'd have done something useful to contribute to the discussion.

Joe, at least, was supplementing his points with the book reference.

Imagine a discussion where we debate points by citing authors and 
books?  "I read _A Treatise on Medieval Church Influences_, what do you 
say to that?"  "Oh, yeah, well, _Arabic Technology Comic Books_ 
answered that one; read issues #111-115."  What wonderful reading (and 
fun) that would be.  As if any of us has enough attention span to 
follow an item that covers more than a day, let alone months.


#263 of 293 by flem on Fri Dec 19 17:02:57 2003:

Ironically, that is almost exactly the mode of argumentation most widely
respected by scholars during the period of Catholic dominance. 

> Flem, I'd guess that the same forces that 
> drove the scientific renaissance also drove 
> the Protestant reformation. As such they'd be 
> cousins rather than the reformation itself 
> directly leading to scientific breakthroughs. 

Plausible...  but in either case, the Catholic church remains an active
obstacle to progress, not a facilitator thereof.  


#264 of 293 by jep on Fri Dec 19 19:43:08 2003:

Flem, what were you talking about in your first paragraph?  It couldn't 
have been a response to resp:262, but I don't know what else it could 
have related to.


#265 of 293 by mcnally on Fri Dec 19 20:17:28 2003:

  re #264:  it *was* a response to #262.  Flem was presumably referring
  to scholasticism, which Merriam-Webster's online dictionary defines as:

        Main Entry: scholasticism
        Pronunciation: sk&-'las-t&-"si-z&m
        Function: noun
        Date: circa 1782
        1 : a philosophical movement dominant in western Christian
        civilization from the 9th until the 17th century and combining
        religious dogma with the mystical and intuitional tradition of
        patristic philosophy especially of Saint Augustine and later
        with Aristotelianism

  For centuries, under the intellectual domination of the Church,
  the scholars of western Europe mostly conducted their debates by
  appeals to the philosophical works of Augustine, Aristotle, Aquinas,
  (and possibly other philosophers whose names begin with the letter A, :-)
  endlessly interpreting and re-interpreting the writings of accepted
  authorities instead of directing their efforts towards their own
  original thoughts or testing whether the authorities' claims were
  verifiable.  

  I'm assuming flem saw similarities to that in the argument-by-appeal-
  to-authority method you disdain in the last paragraph of #262.
  If he didn't I certainly did..  


#266 of 293 by twenex on Sat Dec 20 01:30:54 2003:

Re: 253; since Communist countries are officially atheist, atheists
started wars, too (Afghanistan (the Soviet occupation) being a case in
point.)


#267 of 293 by russ on Sat Dec 20 04:33:45 2003:

Re #239:  Jared Diamond opines that one of the prerequisites for
success of a society is how well it evaluates, improves and
incorporates worthwhile new ideas and inventions - regardless of
where they come from.

Islamic societies are strongly xenophobic and do a poor job of
even understanding others.  (The ancient Islamic scholars are
rightly praised for helping to preserve ancient Greek writings
in medicine and philosophy, but what most people don't realize
is that the works of great Greek playwrights were lost because
those same scholars did not see such art as useful enough to
copy, let alone translate.)

The failure of Islamic societies today is a direct consequence
of their "not-invented-here" syndrome combined with a broad
society-wide fundamentalism worse than the Amish.


#268 of 293 by jmsaul on Sat Dec 20 06:03:41 2003:

Some Islamic societies do it better than others -- look at Indonesia, for
example, or Malaysia.  And while the fundamentalist ones reject outside
ideas, the comparison to the Amish is flawed because they don't reject
outside technology.

Re #262:  There are strong arguments that geography and natural resources
          gave Europeans an advantage in developing technology and spreading
          their culture.  For example, they had access to a wider range of
          food crops, and had better disease immunity because of the 
          availability of a range of livestock.  _Guns, Germs, and Steel_
          develops this theory at length, and does it better than I can
          summarize here.  As you noted, I'm only using it to supplement
          my point -- but I'm also mentioning it because I think it's a
          great book, and you would enjoy it a lot.


#269 of 293 by jp2 on Sat Dec 20 13:53:02 2003:

This response has been erased.



#270 of 293 by bru on Sat Dec 20 14:30:25 2003:

didn't islam come late to indonesia and malaysia?  That may be part of the
reason that it ahsn't had the same impacrt as in the middle east.


#271 of 293 by keesan on Sat Dec 20 14:56:23 2003:

Many of the foods that I eat came from the Americas - corn, the common bean
(which largely replaced the blackeyed pea and fava bean even in Europe),
squash, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, chocolate, quinoa, amaranth.

The 'better disease immunity' might refer to the fact that when people
immigrated to N. American via the Bering land bridge they no longer needed
immunity to many disease they left behind, or that many new ones developed
later in Europe and Asia due to the more crowded conditions which allowed them
to become endemic.  


#272 of 293 by gelinas on Sat Dec 20 15:14:14 2003:

Diamond's thesis is the latter, Sindi:  Crowding, in close proximity to
animals, allowed diseases to jump species.  Exposure to the diseases caused
the development of immunities.  However, immunity does not mean elimination.
So people could bring the germs with them without actually being sick.

Example: smallpox, which would seem to be related to cowpox (since vaccinating
with the latter provides immunity to the former).


#273 of 293 by lk on Sun Dec 21 13:05:14 2003:

To return to the original topic for a second, the AFA is conducting a
poll regarding gay marriage. I happen to think that the value of these
non-scientific internet vote-early-and-often polls is null, but since
other people may think they're important (and AFA plans to inform
Congress of their results), let them know what you think:

http://www.afa.net/petitions/marriagepoll.asp

As for book references as debate, there was the Star Trek episode where
they spoke in metaphors by relating stories. So bantering book titles
back and forth wouldn't be so odd....


#274 of 293 by slynne on Sun Dec 21 14:35:18 2003:

Do you think the AFA will really share their results with Congress if 
the results show that a lot of people favor legalization of homosexual 
marriage?


#275 of 293 by twenex on Sun Dec 21 14:43:21 2003:

It's by all means clear how one would actually use a language based
entirely on metaphor. How did they tell the stories that led to the
metaphors in the first place, is one question.


#276 of 293 by jmsaul on Sun Dec 21 16:05:38 2003:

Apparently, the AFA is also tampering with poll results.


#277 of 293 by twenex on Sun Dec 21 16:11:26 2003:

Of course, i meant in #275 that it's by *no* means clear.


#278 of 293 by rcurl on Sun Dec 21 18:02:31 2003:

Re #275: I had the same problem with that episode. Such a metaphoric
language seemed extremely limited in ability to communicate. There are endless
situations for which a metaphor would not be available, for example, to
discuss metaphors. Would mathematics be possible? 

The news media are reporting polls showing a majority of those polled oppose
gay marriage and favor a Constitutional amendment to ban it. However the
"majority" is something like 55%, which is not enough (if translated into
congressional action and state voting) to adopt such an amendment.

It also strikes me that the purpose of the Constitution is to rein in the
passions of the majority, unless they are well seasoned over a
considerable period of time. The urge of a majority to amend the
constitution to resolve every controversy is antithetical to the nature of
a Constitution.



#279 of 293 by jp2 on Sun Dec 21 19:22:02 2003:

This response has been erased.



#280 of 293 by gelinas on Sun Dec 21 20:13:58 2003:

Re 276:  How can you tell?  I'm not willing to give them the information they
asked for, so I won't be polled.


#281 of 293 by remmers on Sun Dec 21 21:02:01 2003:

Re #278:  Right, that kind of thing doesn't belong in the Constitution.

A few years ago I was asked by a couple of lesbian friends of mine to
sign a petition to add a "right of gays to marry" amendment to the
Constitution.  Although I support the concept of gay marriage, I
refused to sign, on the same grounds that I would oppose an
amendment forbidding such a right.


#282 of 293 by jmsaul on Mon Dec 22 00:12:28 2003:

Re #280:  If I find the link again, I'll post it, but someone was watching
          their poll and noticed the total number of votes going down over
          hours, with greater reductions in the votes for the "yes, gays
          should be allowed to marry" and "okay, as long as they call it
          something other than pweshious marriage" answers.


#283 of 293 by gelinas on Mon Dec 22 01:35:20 2003:

That's good enough.  Thanks, Joe.


#284 of 293 by gull on Mon Dec 22 16:38:49 2003:

Re resp:267: I think this is a problem with fundamentalism in general.

Re resp:278: As a friend of mine put it, this is an "oops, we 
accidentally gave too many rights to a minority" amendment.  I think 
putting such a thing in the Constitution is distasteful.  There aren't 
any current Amendments that *take rights away*.


#285 of 293 by mcnally on Mon Dec 22 17:35:12 2003:

  re #284:

  >  There aren't any current Amendments that *take rights away*.

  Not currently, no.  But of course the reason you needed to add
  that qualification is because of Prohibition, which should serve
  as a reminder to all of us that even the substantial barriers
  we have in place are no guarantee that poorly thought-out
  amendments won't make it into the Constitution.


#286 of 293 by jp2 on Mon Dec 22 18:31:59 2003:

This response has been erased.



#287 of 293 by bru on Mon Dec 22 20:10:58 2003:

I sure hope that if we do end up with an ammendment prohibiting gay marriage,
that we do not end up with organized crime smuggling in homosexuals from
across the border...


#288 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 22 20:26:28 2003:

I hope if the US ends up with an amendment banning bigotry and general
right-wing stupidity they don't end up smuggling Tories from Canada.


#289 of 293 by mcnally on Mon Dec 22 22:01:19 2003:

  Watch me make bru's head spin..

  re #287:  that's right!  with benefits costs so much lower
  (because they're not allowed to have legally-recognized spouses
  or in many places to adopt children) employers will have a strong
  incentive to employ lower-cost homosexual workers and as a believer
  in unregulated market forces, you'll have to support their decision!


#290 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 22 22:06:16 2003:

Heh. Wondrous.


#291 of 293 by gelinas on Mon Dec 22 22:09:00 2003:

(I'd think you'd _want_ to get rid of some Tories, twenex. ;)


#292 of 293 by twenex on Mon Dec 22 22:14:49 2003:

I don't live inthe US or Canada, joe.


#293 of 293 by gelinas on Mon Dec 22 22:30:14 2003:

(I know.)


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