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25 new of 79 responses total.
tod
response 50 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 15 23:03 UTC 2006

re #49
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richard
response 51 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 01:15 UTC 2006

rcurl said:

"Who said cows were made by gods?"

some people believe it, in some cultures they WORSHIP cows as the 
holiest of animals.

klg
response 52 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 02:57 UTC 2006

No kidding.
bru
response 53 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 06:20 UTC 2006

Cows MUST have been designed by God, because a cow offers EVERYTHING humand
need to make a society.
rcurl
response 54 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 06:22 UTC 2006

The answer is "Hindus". 
johnnie
response 55 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 14:44 UTC 2006

>Cows MUST have been designed by God, because a cow offers EVERYTHING
>humand need to make a society.

Or, society naturally structured itself based on what was available.
keesan
response 56 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 17:37 UTC 2006

How do you make a society out of a cow?
johnnie
response 57 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 17:40 UTC 2006

Well, you'll need some steak sauce, of course...
marcvh
response 58 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 17:42 UTC 2006

Well, certainly the societies that had cows readily available fared a lot
better than the societies where cows were absent.
keesan
response 59 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 17:47 UTC 2006

Cows were not available to the Incas, Aztecs, or Mayans.  I presume you are
referring only to agricultural societies, not pastoralists or gatherers. 
Did the Mongols have cows?  They took over half the civilized world.  Cows
have been useful for plowing.  Tropical agriculture does not use cows but
digging sticks.  
nharmon
response 60 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 17:57 UTC 2006

The Incas, Aztecs, and Mayans ate llamas. (Not to be confused with
Lorenzo Lamas)
tod
response 61 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 18:02 UTC 2006

Camel hump is a delicacy in some places.  Of course, sheep is the standard
fare but if you can get camel hump or llama then you're living large.
keesan
response 62 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 18:17 UTC 2006

Llamas were used mainly as pack animals.  Vicunas (closely related) provided
better wool.  Are you sure the Mexicans had llamas?  I know they had turkeys.
Turkeys don't make good pack animals, nor do guinea pigs.
tod
response 63 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 18:20 UTC 2006

THey make good lunchmeat packs, though.
Anytime you eat an animal that digests something more than once then you're
taking chances.
marcvh
response 64 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 19:24 UTC 2006

Re #59: I'm not sure what you point is about bringing up societies which
were so weak that they could be conquered or destroyed by a tiny handful
of Spanish.  But yes, it's a given that agricultural societies have become
much more powerful and dominant than hunter-gatherers.
jadecat
response 65 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 19:31 UTC 2006

The Aztecs, Mayans and Incans probably didn't have cows- and look where
they are today... 
bru
response 66 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 19:34 UTC 2006

Just think of all the things we get from cattle.  leather, meat, milk,
manure...
nharmon
response 67 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 19:36 UTC 2006

...Cowpox
marcvh
response 68 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 19:38 UTC 2006

...which is a big advantage when you're competing against a society
which has never been exposed to it and has no immunity.  Think of it as
biological warfare.
keesan
response 69 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 20:06 UTC 2006

The Mongols were not agricultural and they conquered a lot of people who were.
They had horses.  Cows are not as fast.
nharmon
response 70 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 20:09 UTC 2006

Military technology has been the largest determining factor when it
comes to which civilizations survive.
marcvh
response 71 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 20:25 UTC 2006

Many great military conquests, such as the Spanish in the new world, had
permanent effects.  Others, such as those of the Mongols or Alexander, were
just a flash in the pan; their military conquests were substantial but
where are they today?

Military technology determines who prevails in the short term in a
military conflict, but it does not exist in a vacuum.  A society has to
exist to support the development and use of this technology.

"War is not so much a matter of weapons as of money." - Thucydides
kingjon
response 72 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 20:28 UTC 2006

Didn't the Mongol conquest make a more significant, long-lasting impact in
China and the surrounding area?

rcurl
response 73 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 16 23:39 UTC 2006

The Spaniards had an easy time conquering the Aztecs because their arrival
coincided with the Aztec expectatoin of the return to earth of their god
Quetzalcoatl at the same time - that plus European diseases. They were not
"great military conquests" - more plain good luck on the Spaniard's side. It
went similarly with the Incas. 

Of course the superior Spanish weaponry played a role, but the Spaniards were
vastly outnumbered and could have been anihilated if the natives had been
better organized (and not decimated by disease).
keesan
response 74 of 79: Mark Unseen   Feb 17 01:20 UTC 2006

The Mongol conquest had a major effect on most of Asia, for centuries, and
unlike the Spanish they did not accomplish their victory with the aid of
epidemics which wiped out up to 90% of the native population.  They also did
not enslave the native population, but set up a very organized government.
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